Seleniivibrio woodruffii gen. nov., sp. nov., a selenate- and arsenate-respiring bacterium in the Deferribacteraceae

Abstract

A Gram-type-negative, obligately anaerobic, selenate-respiring bacterium, strain S4 T , was isolated from activated sludge of a wastewater treatment plant in New Jersey after enrichment with 10 mM selenate as the sole electron acceptor. In addition to its selenate-respiring capability, strain S4T also respired arsenate with acetate as carbon source and electron donor. Fermentative growth was not observed. The optimum growth temperature was 37 6C and optimum pH was pH 7. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain S4 T is a novel member of the family Deferribacteraceae, with the type strain of Denitrovibrio acetiphilus as its closest cultivated relative, with 91.5 % sequence similarity. The cellular fatty acid profile was composed predominantly of straight-chain fatty acids C 14 : 0 , C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 17 : 0 and C 18 : 0 , which distinguishes this organism from its closest relatives. The DNA G+C content was 47.7 mol%. Together, these findings support the conclusion that strain S4 T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Seleniivibrio woodruffii gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Seleniivibrio woodruffii is S4 T (5DSM 24984 T

Multidomain ribosomal protein trees and the planctobacterial origin of neomura (eukaryotes, archaebacteria)

“…However, Deferribacteres is now invalid under ICNP rule 8, as is class Chrysiogenetes with sole order Chrysiogenales of anaerobic arsenate-respiring flagellate negibacteria (Garrity and Holt 2001b). As Chrysiogenales and Deferribacterales are strongly sisters on our CAT and ML RP trees and have rather similar phenotypes (Deferribacterales subclade comprising Denitrovibrio and Seleniivibrio can also respire arsenate (Denton et al 2013;Rauschenbach et al 2013)), making both separate phyla (Chrysiogenetes, Deferribacterales: Garrity and Holt 2001a, b) was unjustified rank inflation. We therefore group both orders of metal reducers in the same new class Deferribacteria within a reestablished proteobacterial subphylum Geobacteria, which comprises Deferribacteria plus ε-proteobacteria, fairly strongly supported sisters on CAT but separated on ML RP trees (see Taxonomic Appendix).…”

New insights into the energy metabolism and taxonomy ofDeferribacteresrevealed by the characterization of a new isolate from a hypersaline microbial mat

“… Strains and sources of data: 1, Limisalsivibrio acetivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. L21‐Ace‐BES T (this study); 2, Geovibrio thiophilus AAFu3 T (Janssen et al ., 2002); 3, G. ferrireducens PAL‐1 T (Caccavo et al ., 1996); 4, Denitrovibrio acetiphilus N2460 T (Myhr and Torsvik, 2000; Denton et al ., 2013; Rauschenbach et al ., 2013); 5, Seleniivibrio woodruffii S4 T (Rauschenbach et al ., 2013). All strains shared the following characteristics: Gram‐stain negative; curved to helical‐shaped cells; motile; no endospores; utilization of acetate as electron donor; no utilization of sulfate or thiosulfate as electron acceptor; no growth in the presence of high oxygen levels (air saturation) or in media without reductant.…”

“…The results obtained were compared with the two available related strains G. thiophilus DSM 11263 T and D. acetiphilus DSM 12809 T , which showed a very similar substrate spectrum in our hands (Table 1). In contrast, S. woodruffii is significantly different and seems to be limited to acetate as a carbon and energy source (Rauschenbach et al ., 2013). The related strain G. ferrireducens ATCC 51996 T is no longer available from culture collections and could therefore not be used in comparative studies.…”

“…The description of the family is based on the shared characteristics of members of the genera Geovibrio (Caccavo et al ., 1996; Janssen et al ., 2002), Denitrovibrio (Myhr and Torsvik, 2000; Denton et al ., 2013; Rauschenbach et al ., 2013), Seleniivibro (Rauschenbach et al ., 2013) and Limisalsivibrio (this study). Free‐living bacteria found in a wide variety of anoxic aquatic environments, from freshwater sediments to hypersaline microbial mats.…”

High-quality draft genome sequence of Sedimenticola selenatireducens strain AK4OH1T, a gammaproteobacterium isolated from estuarine sediment

“…Furthermore, the physiologies of the known selenate-respiring bacteria appear to vary greatly. For example, they are able to couple growth to a wide range of electron acceptors such as arsenate, [ 2 , 3 ] cobalt oxide (Co(III)) [ 4 ], and tellurite [ 5 ] to name a few. SeRB have been isolated from a variety of different locations.…”