Selegiline prevents long-term changes in dopamine efflux and stress immobility during the second and third weeks of abstinence following opiate withdrawal

Antagonism of κ opioid receptor in the nucleus accumbens prevents the depressive-like behaviors following prolonged morphine abstinence

“…Thus, these results suggested that prolonged morphine withdrawal induced depressive-like behaviors, and these depressive-like behaviors were increased along with the duration of abstinence. These findings are consistent with previous studies linking morphine abstinence and depressive-like behaviors [7,8,53,54]. In addition, these findings are broadly consistent with former work showing that the depressive-like behaviors developed after cocaine and ethanol withdrawal [10,29].…”

Sex differences in affective response to opioid withdrawal during adolescence

“…The rationale for using these days in the male study was because prior studies in adult rats undergoing opioid withdrawal demonstrated that the dysphoric effect (i.e. increased FST immobility) started around WD3 (Anraku et al, 2001; Molina et al, 1994) and lasted well into the second and third week of withdrawal (Grasing and Ghosh, 1998). Therefore, when examining adolescents (males and females) we chose to examine the effects of withdrawal on WD3 and WD9.…”

“…In both humans and rodents, opioid withdrawal is also accompanied by the precipitation of negative affects including aversion and dysphoria (Grasing and Ghosh, 1998; Hand et al, 1988; Schaefer and Michael, 1983; Schulteis et al, 1994). Dysphoria (or depressive-like behavior) during withdrawal was examined in adult rats and mice using, among others, the forced swim test (FST) paradigm (Anraku et al, 2001; Grasing and Ghosh, 1998; Hodgson et al, 2009; Molina et al, 1994; Zurita and Molina, 1999).…”

“…Dysphoria (or depressive-like behavior) during withdrawal was examined in adult rats and mice using, among others, the forced swim test (FST) paradigm (Anraku et al, 2001; Grasing and Ghosh, 1998; Hodgson et al, 2009; Molina et al, 1994; Zurita and Molina, 1999). The FST is a behavioral despair model wherein rodents are placed in a small apparatus filled with enough water so that their tails cannot touch the bottom.…”

Metabolic Transformation Plays a Primary Role in the Psychostimulant-Like Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Selegiline [(R)-(–)-Deprenyl]

“…(R)-(Ϫ)-Deprenyl has also been proposed as a cognitive enhancer (Gelowitz et al, 1994), as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Akhondzadeh et al, 2003), as a treatment for drug dependence (Grasing and Ghosh, 1998;Houtsmuller et al, 2004), and as an aid for smoking cessation (George et al, 2003).…”