Abstract:Selectivity problems in preparation of silanes by Grignard reaction were discussed. A quantitative approach in terms of LFE analysis was proposed. It appeared that the inductive effect controls the rate of replacement more considerably than steric requirements in the transition state. Rates of subsequent substitution reactions at silicon decrease stepwise. Only with methylmagnesium halides are the subsequent steps faster.
“…In addition, the results reaffirm that alkyl substituents contribute to the reactivity exclusively with steric effects. [25][26][27] Additionally, the interrelation between the steric factor and the bulkiness of both Grignard reagents is evident.…”
RUNNING HEAD: The Grignard reaction with alkoxysilanes ABSTRACT The kinetics of the reaction of n-butyl-and isopropylmagnesium chloride with alkyltriethoxysilanes (RSi(OEt) 3 ) in diethyl ether were determined. The rate constants correlate well with the steric parameters E s (Si). The resulting steric factors δ fit the range of available susceptibility values for the reactions of organosilicon compounds. The thermodynamic activation parameters for six reactions of ethoxysilanes with alkylmagnesium chlorides in dibutyl ether were determined. The entropy values indicated that two Grignard molecules are involved in the transition state of the reaction. From the correlation analysis of the activation enthalpies for the reactions, it appeared that the inductive effect controls the rate of replacement more considerably than steric requirements in the transition state.
“…In addition, the results reaffirm that alkyl substituents contribute to the reactivity exclusively with steric effects. [25][26][27] Additionally, the interrelation between the steric factor and the bulkiness of both Grignard reagents is evident.…”
RUNNING HEAD: The Grignard reaction with alkoxysilanes ABSTRACT The kinetics of the reaction of n-butyl-and isopropylmagnesium chloride with alkyltriethoxysilanes (RSi(OEt) 3 ) in diethyl ether were determined. The rate constants correlate well with the steric parameters E s (Si). The resulting steric factors δ fit the range of available susceptibility values for the reactions of organosilicon compounds. The thermodynamic activation parameters for six reactions of ethoxysilanes with alkylmagnesium chlorides in dibutyl ether were determined. The entropy values indicated that two Grignard molecules are involved in the transition state of the reaction. From the correlation analysis of the activation enthalpies for the reactions, it appeared that the inductive effect controls the rate of replacement more considerably than steric requirements in the transition state.
Organolithium compounds have been used successfully in flow chemistry since the recent past. Most of the studies dealt with the use in halogen-lithium exchanges. So far, however, there has been a lack of use in substitution reactions. The use of flow microreactors makes the highly reactive organolithium compounds more controllable and thus creates new synthetic possibilities.
Direct catalytic transformation of chlorosilanes into organosilicon compounds remains challenging due to difficulty in cleaving the strong Si−Cl bond(s). We herein report the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of chlorosilanes with organoaluminum reagents. A combination of [Pd(C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 and DavePhos ligand catalyzed the selective methylation of various dichlorosilanes 1, trichlorosilanes 5, and tetrachlorosilane 6 to give the corresponding monochlorosilanes.
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