Selectivity for large nonmanipulable objects in scene-selective visual cortex does not require visual experience

He, Chenxi; Peelen, Marius V.; Han, Zaizhu; Lin, Nan; Caramazza, Alfonso; Bi, Yanchao

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.051

Cited by 103 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, in future studies we shall try to parametrize and thus model other visual as well as non-visual sensory properties implied by nouns (e.g., shape, 22 sound) in order to investigate the degree of segregation across sensory regions of these properties. Concerning the anatomy of the real-word size effect, previous literature has shown the implication of lateral-occipital, inferotemporal, and parahippocampal cortices (Konkle and Oliva, 2012;He et al, 2013). The discrepancy between those studies and the current one can be traced down to the numerous methodological differences:…”

Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…When they did not use pictures, but words, as we do, they engaged subejcts in tasks involving active size comparison (He et al, 2013) or imagery of objets in their prototypical or atypical size (Konkle and Oliva, 2012 studies 3), thus drawing subject's attention on the size dimension. Instead, in our experiment, subjects were asked to actively think of the whole concept referred to by the words, with no specific focus on the size dimension;…”

Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Moreover, previous studies compared objects that did not only differ for average size but also belong to largely different semantic categories (animals vs tools vs non-manipulable objects, He et al, 2013), while we present results for the implied real world size effect controlling for categorical differences;…”

Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Word meaning in the ventral visual path: a perceptual to conceptual gradient of semantic coding

et al. 2016

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valentinaborghesani@gmail.comThe authors declare no competing financial interests. ABSTRACTThe meaning of words referring to concrete items is thought of as a multidimensional representation that includes both perceptual (e.g., average size, prototypical color) and conceptual (e.g., taxonomic class) dimensions. Are these different dimensions coded in different brain regions? In healthy human subjects, we tested the presence of a mapping between the implied real object size (a perceptual dimension) and the taxonomic categories at different levels of specificity (conceptual dimensions) of a series of words, and the patterns of brain activity recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging in six areas along the ventral occipito-temporal cortical path. Combining multivariate pattern classification and representational similarity analysis, we found that the real object size implied by a word appears to be primarily encoded in early visual regions, while the taxonomic category and subcategorical cluster in more anterior temporal regions. This anteroposterior gradient of information content indicates that different areas along the ventral stream encode complementary dimensions of the semantic space.

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Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Implied Real-world Size Information In Primary Visual Areasmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Word meaning in the ventral visual path: a perceptual to conceptual gradient of semantic coding

et al. 2016

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“…As such, it is unsurprising that functional neuroimaging techniques have revealed a putative “core” scene processing network in the human brain that responds strongly when viewing navigationally relevant stimuli (e.g., scenes) versus other visual categories. This core network is thought to include posterior parahippocampal gyrus [PHG; Aguirre et al, 1998a; Epstein et al, 2003; Epstein and Kanwisher, 1998], retrosplenial cortex [RSC; Auger et al, 2012; Epstein et al, 2007; Vann et al, 2009] and the transverse occipital sulcus [TOS; Dilks et al, 2013; Ganaden et al, 2013; He et al, 2013; Mullin and Steeves, 2011; Nasr et al, 2011]. As seen in the neural processing of other visual categories [Taylor and Downing, 2011], these regions appear to support distinct but complementary aspects of scene processing, and are differentially modulated by changes in viewpoint [Epstein et al, 2003, 2007; Park and Chun, 2009], spatial layout [Harel et al, 2013; Park et al, 2015], and lower‐level spatial features [Kravitz et al, 2011a; Nasr et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidencing a place for the hippocampus within the core scene processing network

Hodgetts

Shine

Lawrence

et al. 2016

Human Brain Mapping

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Functional neuroimaging studies have identified several “core” brain regions that are preferentially activated by scene stimuli, namely posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The hippocampus (HC), too, is thought to play a key role in scene processing, although no study has yet investigated scene‐sensitivity in the HC relative to these other “core” regions. Here, we characterised the frequency and consistency of individual scene‐preferential responses within these regions by analysing a large dataset (n = 51) in which participants performed a one‐back working memory task for scenes, objects, and scrambled objects. An unbiased approach was adopted by applying independently‐defined anatomical ROIs to individual‐level functional data across different voxel‐wise thresholds and spatial filters. It was found that the majority of subjects had preferential scene clusters in PHG (max = 100% of participants), RSC (max = 76%), and TOS (max = 94%). A comparable number of individuals also possessed significant scene‐related clusters within their individually defined HC ROIs (max = 88%), evidencing a HC contribution to scene processing. While probabilistic overlap maps of individual clusters showed that overlap “peaks” were close to those identified in group‐level analyses (particularly for TOS and HC), inter‐individual consistency varied across regions and statistical thresholds. The inter‐regional and inter‐individual variability revealed by these analyses has implications for how scene‐sensitive cortex is localised and interrogated in functional neuroimaging studies, particularly in medial temporal lobe regions, such as the HC. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3779–3794, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Interestingly, some evidence points toward a large-scale categorical sensitivity and layout of ventral visual cortex in this population. For instance, He and colleagues (14) observed small-vs.-large object selectivity in parahippocampal regions. Moreover, the medial-to-lateral bias that is associated with processing the animate-inanimate distinction is found in blind individuals (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of visual category selectivity in ventral visual cortex does not require visual experience

Hurk

Baelen

Beeck

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

103

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To what extent does functional brain organization rely on sensory input? Here, we show that for the penultimate visual-processing region, ventral-temporal cortex (VTC), visual experience is not the origin of its fundamental organizational property, category selectivity. In the fMRI study reported here, we presented 14 congenitally blind participants with face-, body-, scene-, and object-related natural sounds and presented 20 healthy controls with both auditory and visual stimuli from these categories. Using macroanatomical alignment, response mapping, and surface-based multivoxel pattern analysis, we demonstrated that VTC in blind individuals shows robust discriminatory responses elicited by the four categories and that these patterns of activity in blind subjects could successfully predict the visual categories in sighted controls. These findings were confirmed in a subset of blind participants born without eyes and thus deprived from all light perception since conception. The sounds also could be decoded in primary visual and primary auditory cortex, but these regions did not sustain generalization across modalities. Surprisingly, although not as strong as visual responses, selectivity for auditory stimulation in visual cortex was stronger in blind individuals than in controls. The opposite was observed in primary auditory cortex. Overall, we demonstrated a striking similarity in the cortical response layout of VTC in blind individuals and sighted controls, demonstrating that the overall category-selective map in extrastriate cortex develops independently from visual experience.ategory selectivity in human and primate visual cortex is a striking example of how the brain encodes the outer world. Mostly found on the lateral and ventral parts of the temporal lobe, several distinct macroscopic brain regions are known to have a preference for a particular category of visual objects, including faces [fusiform face area, occipital face area (1)], body parts [extrastriate body area (2), fusiform body area (3)], artificial objects [lateral occipital complex (4)], and scenes [parahippocampal place area (5)]. The exact computational mechanisms that drive these regions are still largely unknown: Do these regions operate as distinct functional modules (1, 6), or is category selectivity fully distributed across ventral-temporal cortex (VTC) (7), ora combination of both-do category-selective regions reflect peaks in a broad tuning map for visual object features (8)?A prominent question is whether this functional architecture develops independently of visual input or relies on visual experience during early infancy and the following years. As an example of the latter, a key hypothesis indicates that the global functional organization of VTC starts out as a protomap with a retinotopic layout (9-11). Through visual experience, regions within this protomap develop selectivity for the visual categories that often appear in the retinotopic region that is represented. According to this perspective, because faces most likely appear...

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Selectivity for large nonmanipulable objects in scene-selective visual cortex does not require visual experience

Cited by 103 publications

References 44 publications

Word meaning in the ventral visual path: a perceptual to conceptual gradient of semantic coding

Word meaning in the ventral visual path: a perceptual to conceptual gradient of semantic coding

Evidencing a place for the hippocampus within the core scene processing network

Development of visual category selectivity in ventral visual cortex does not require visual experience

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