2018
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.010
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Selectivity assessment of two biorational insecticides, azadirachtin and pyriproxyfen, in comparison to a neonicotinoid, acetamiprid, on pupae and adults of a Neotropical strain Eretmocerus mundus Mercet

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Cited by 16 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Azadirachtin is registered in the United States as a general-use pesticide with a toxicological class Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of IV (relatively non-toxic). Azadirachtin seems to be selective, non-mutagenic, and readily degradable and has also been reported as safer for non-target organisms and beneficial organisms (Medina et al, 2004;Cordeiro et al, 2010;Mordue et al, 2010;Celestino et al, 2014;Dai et al, 2019); however, the presumed safety of azadirachtin has been questioned, especially, in relation to natural enemies and pollinators (Barbosa et al, 2015;Lima et al, 2015;Xavier et al, 2015;Bernardes et al, 2017Bernardes et al, , 2018Francesena and Schneider, 2018). Nevertheless, semifield and field studies may enable to reliably predict potential side effects of azadirachtin on non-target insects.…”
Section: Azadirachtin: Properties and Insecticidal Activitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Azadirachtin is registered in the United States as a general-use pesticide with a toxicological class Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of IV (relatively non-toxic). Azadirachtin seems to be selective, non-mutagenic, and readily degradable and has also been reported as safer for non-target organisms and beneficial organisms (Medina et al, 2004;Cordeiro et al, 2010;Mordue et al, 2010;Celestino et al, 2014;Dai et al, 2019); however, the presumed safety of azadirachtin has been questioned, especially, in relation to natural enemies and pollinators (Barbosa et al, 2015;Lima et al, 2015;Xavier et al, 2015;Bernardes et al, 2017Bernardes et al, , 2018Francesena and Schneider, 2018). Nevertheless, semifield and field studies may enable to reliably predict potential side effects of azadirachtin on non-target insects.…”
Section: Azadirachtin: Properties and Insecticidal Activitiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Biorational insecticides such as cyromazine are usually assumed to be important candidates for managing insect pests of field crops and have medical and veterinary importance [ 22 , 41 , 42 ]. The market share of biorational insecticides has recently increased worldwide, largely due to the perception that these are safe for the environment and public health compared with conventional insecticides [ 43 ]. However, there are a number of environmental concerns linked with biorational insecticides such as the development of resistance in insect pests and nontarget toxicity to predators and pollinators, which need to be considered while planning pest management strategies [ 44 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pyriproxyfen is an IGR which acts on the endocrine system of insects by mimicking the naturally occurring juvenile hormone. It hinders molting and adult formation in insects, and can be an important component of Integrated Pest Management program [13]. It has been found very effective against a wide variety of insects belonging to Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera orders [14][15][16].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%