Selective tools for the solid-phase extraction of Ochratoxin A from various complex samples: immunosorbents, oligosorbents, and molecularly imprinted polymers

Abstract

The evolution of instrumentation in terms of separation and detection has allowed a real improvement of the sensitivity and the analysis time. However, the analysis of ultra-traces of toxins such as ochratoxin A (OTA) from complex samples (foodstuffs, biological fluids…) still requires a step of purification and of preconcentration before chromatographic determination. In this context, extraction sorbents leading to a molecular recognition mechanism appear as powerful tools for the selective extraction of OTA and of its structural analogs in order to obtain more reliable and sensitive quantitative analyses of these compounds in complex media. Indeed, immunosorbents and oligosorbents that are based on the use of immobilized antibodies and of aptamers, respectively, and that are specific to OTA allow its selective clean-up from complex samples with high enrichment factors. Similar molecular recognition mechanisms can also be obtained by developing molecularly imprinted polymers, the synthesis of which leads to the formation of cavities that are specific to OTA, thus mimicking the recognition site of the biomolecules. Therefore, the principle, the advantages, the limits of these different types of extraction tools, and their complementary behaviors will be presented. The introduction of these selective tools in miniaturized devices will also be discussed.

Development of a multi‐functional concurrent assay using weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) and reconstitution with a diluted sample aliquot for anti‐doping analysis

“…Moreover, it involves less sample manipulation, which should provide good reproducibility and thus higher sensitivity and selectivity. Various SPE sorbents have also been developed and can be selected according to the target compounds or the sample matrix . Among the various types of SPE, mixed‐mode weak cation‐exchange solid‐phase extraction (WCX‐SPE) offers both cation‐exchange and reversed‐phase interactions, which are properties that facilitate the extraction of various analytes across an extensive range of physicochemical characteristics.…”

“…Various SPE sorbents have also been developed and can be selected according to the target compounds or the sample matrix. 5,[12][13][14][15] Among the various types of SPE, mixed-mode weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction (WCX-SPE) offers both cation-exchange and reversedphase interactions, which are properties that facilitate the extraction of various analytes across an extensive range of physicochemical characteristics. In the anti-doping field, WADA-prohibited peptides that stimulate the secretion of growth hormones, such as growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs), have been successfully analyzed recently, and the analytical method was validated using WCX-SPE.…”

Advances in Analysis and Detection of Major Mycotoxins in Foods

“…Synthetic systems have been developed, such as MIPs, aptamers and peptides to replace the antibodies in IACs [15,57,58]. MIPs are synthetic polymers highly specialized in identifying selective analytes, and are cheaper than antibodies [22].…”

BSA-based sample clean-up columns for ochratoxin A determination in wine: Method development and validation

“…All these disadvantages motivate the development of alternative methods that could be more cost-effective and at least as robust, precise and accurate as IACs. Thus, research has focused on the development of synthetic systems that mimic the recognition properties of antibodies (mainly aptamers, peptides and molecular imprinted polymers), in order to replace them in sample clean-up columns Huertas-Pérez, Arroyo-Manzanares, García-Campaña, & Gámiz-Gracia, 2017;Pichon & Combès, 2016). Furthermore, significant advances have been made in the field of biosensors for mycotoxin analysis to replace conventional chromatographic and ELISA techniques.…”