Selective tidal stream transport of adult sockeye salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i>) in the Fraser River Estuary

Levy, David A.; Cadenhead, Allen D.

doi:10.1139/f95-001

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For example, Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) typically gather at the mouths of major river outlets to wait for optimal conditions prior to migrating upstream to spawn (Levy and Cadenhead 1995). During southward migration, Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) often congregate in the thousands at discrete coastal locations before crossing large water bodies (Mackenzie and Friis 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of stopover habitat for developing effective conservation strategies for migratory animals

2011

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Although stopover habitats are used by many species as refuelling stations during migration and can be critical for survival and successful reproduction, they are rarely incorporated in year-round population models and conservation strategies. We incorporate stopover habitat into a density-dependent population model and then use this model to examine how optimizing one-time land purchase strategies for a migratory population is influenced by variation in the quality and the strength of density-dependence in a stopover habitat used for both fall and spring migration. As the strength of the density-dependence in the stopover habitat increases, the optimal amount of stopover habitat purchased increases while the amount of habitat during the stationary periods of the annual cycle (breeding and wintering) decreases. Any change in the cost of purchasing stopover habitat affects investment strategies in all three periods of the annual cycle. When the quality of the stopover habitat is high, the optimal strategy is to invest in low-quality habitat during breeding and wintering and when the stopover habitat quality is low, the optimal strategy switches to investing in high-quality habitat during the stationary periods. We apply this model to a threatened warbler population and demonstrate how purchase decisions to conserve stopover habitat that are not coordinated with conservation actions on the breeding and wintering grounds can potentially result in a lower population carrying-capacity compared to considering habitat in all three periods of the annual cycle simultaneously. Our model provides potential guidelines for developing conservation strategies for animals that rely on refueling habitats between the stationary breeding and non-breeding periods of the migratory cycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of stopover habitat for developing effective conservation strategies for migratory animals

2011

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“…A crossspecies comparison of the energetic costs involved in migration for 15 anadromous populations from nine different species showed that long-distance migrants tended to be more energy efficient compared with short-distance migrants and only populations that need all their energy to successfully complete migration swam at speeds close to the theoretical optimum (Bernatchez and Dodson 1987). With regards to migration efficiency, some evidence also suggests that fish migrants, both salmonids and cyprinids, may actually take stream current velocity and tidal cycles into account to minimize transportation costs (Levy and Cadenhead 1995;Brodersen et al 2008b;McElroy et al 2012).…”

Section: The Energetics Of Migratory Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

There and back again: migration in freshwater fishes

et al. 2014

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Animal migration is an amazing phenomenon that has fascinated humans for long. Many freshwater fishes also show remarkable migrations, whereof the spectacular mass migrations of salmonids from the spawning streams are the most well known and well studied. However, recent studies have shown that migration occurs in a range of freshwater fish taxa from many different habitats. In this review we focus on the causes and consequences of migration in freshwater fishes. We start with an introduction of concepts and categories of migration, and then address the evolutionary causes that drive individuals to make these migratory journeys. The basis for the decision of an individual fish to migrate or stay resident is an evaluation of the costs and benefits of different strategies to maximize its lifetime reproductive effort. We provide examples by discussing our own work on the causes behind seasonal migration in a cyprinid fish, roach (Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758)), within this framework. We then highlight different adaptations that allow fish to migrate over sometimes vast journeys across space, including capacity for orientation, osmoregulation, and efficient energy expenditure. Following this we consider the consequences of migration in freshwater fish from ecological, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, and finally, we detail some of the recent developments in the methodologies used to collect data on fish migration and how these could be used in future research.Key words: fish migration, seasonal, evolution, consequences, cyprinids.Résumé : L'étonnant phénomène des migrations animales fascine les humains depuis belle lurette. De remarquables migrations caractérisent de nombreux poissons d'eau douce, les migrations massives des salmonidés à partir de leur cours d'eau d'origine étant les plus connues et les plus étudiées. Cela dit, des études récentes ont démontré l'existence de migrations chez divers taxons de poissons dulcicoles d'habitats nombreux et variés. Dans la présente synthèse, nous nous penchons sur les causes et conséquences de la migration chez les poissons dulcicoles. Nous abordons en premier lieu les concepts importants et les catégories de migration, puis examinons les causes évolutionnaires qui amènent des individus à accomplir ces déplacements migratoires. La décision d'un poisson donné de migrer ou de demeurer en place repose sur une évaluation des coûts et avantages de différentes stratégies visant à optimiser son effort de reproduction durant sa durée de vie. Nous présentons des exemples basés sur nos propres travaux sur les causes de la migration saisonnière chez un poisson cyprinidé, le gardon (Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758)), dans ce cadre. Nous décrivons ensuite différentes adaptations qui permettent dans certains cas à des poissons de migrer sur de grandes distances, dont une capacité d'orientation, l'osmorégulation et l'efficience des dépenses énergétiques. Nous examinons ensuite les conséquences de la migration chez les poissons dulcicoles des points de vue écologique, évolutio...

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“…During the period of mid-water transport, the organism may either drift passively, gaining all of its net movement from the current, or it may swim while aligned in the direction of the flow, thus adding its own forward movement to that of the water mass (Arnold 1981). STST has since been described in adults of such diverse species as cod (Gadus morhua; Arnold et al 1994), sole (Solea solea) and dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula; Greer Walker et al 1980), American eel (Anguilla rostrata; Parker and McCleave 1997), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka; Levy and Cadenhead 1995). It is also widely reported in the planktonic larval stages of fishes such as European flounder (Platichthys flesus; Jager 1999), menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus; Hettler and Barker 1993), spot (Leistomus xanthurus) and pinfish (Lagodon rhomboide; Forward et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relating the swimming movements of green sturgeon to the movement of water currents

Kelly

Klimley

2011

Environ Biol Fish

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Animals swimming in tidal environments continuously interact with water currents which may either hinder or aid their movement. It is difficult to observe the orientation of an organism relative to the current when it is swimming in the wild without specialized telemetry; however, using the total recorded movement vector and the current vector, one can use vector analysis to calculate the actual movement of the animal. Here, we apply this method to six tracks of green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) in the San Francisco Estuary, using current vectors derived from a hydrodynamic model. Three movements were near the surface in deeper, high-current regions of the bay and three were near the bottom in shallow, low-current areas. The total displacement over ground was faster at the surface (0.9 m sec −1 versus 0.5 m sec −1 ) and occurred in stronger currents (0.7 m sec −1 versus 0.4 m sec −1 ), but the swimming speeds of the fish were similar between surface and bottom movements (0.5 m sec −1 versus 0.6 m sec −1 ). All surface movements were in the direction of the current, and two of the fish also oriented closely to the flow. In contrast, none of the three benthic movements were in the direction of the current, and two were oriented opposite to the flow. It seems plausible that green sturgeon orient to and make use of water currents to efficiently move through tidal habitats, riding the flow in high-current areas, and moving independently of, or even into, the flow in slower currents.

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Selective tidal stream transport of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Fraser River Estuary

Cited by 40 publications

References 16 publications

The importance of stopover habitat for developing effective conservation strategies for migratory animals

The importance of stopover habitat for developing effective conservation strategies for migratory animals

There and back again: migration in freshwater fishes

Relating the swimming movements of green sturgeon to the movement of water currents

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