Selective stimulation of marine bacteria by algal extracellular products1

Bell, Wayne H.; Lang, Jeanne M.; Mitchell, Ralph

doi:10.4319/lo.1974.19.5.0833

Cited by 123 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An early concept used to describe the relationship between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton was the 'phycosphere' (Bell & Mitchell, 1972;Stocker, 2012), which described a zone surrounding a phytoplankton cell in which bacterial growth is stimulated by DOM released from the cell. Bell et al (1974) grew two strains of bacteria with the diatom Skeletonema costatum and found that the growth of one bacterial strain was stimulated by the presence of the diatom while the growth of the second was inhibited. They concluded that the release of DOM by phytoplankton is important in determining bacterial community structure.…”

Section: Dom Release and Microbial Food Websmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

321

302

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The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

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Section: Dom Release and Microbial Food Websmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

321

302

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“…While antagonistic interactions occur between marine phototrophs and their attached microbiota [213,214], mutualistic interactions are common. The host supplies carbon and energy sources [215], while the bacteria have been shown to provide iron [216], haem [217], vitamin B 12 [218] to consume oxygen [219] and provide protection from reactive oxygen species [220]. Symbiotic cyanobacteria supply fixed nitrogen to diatoms [221] and other algae and protests [222], and heterotrophic N 2 -fixing bacteria may also be important in interactions with microalgae, as evidenced by the abundance of alpha-proteobacterial diazotrophs in seawater size fractions of >10 μm [223].…”

Section: Microbial Biodiversity In Marine Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Degradation of Petroleum Components by Microbial Consortia

Aa¹,

Essien²

2014

J Pet Environ Biotechnol

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This article is a state-of-the-art review on the aerobic degradation of petroleum components that are commonly found in the environment. Numerous microorganisms have been isolated and their phylogeny and metabolic capacity to degrade a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated. This review focuses on recent progress on how microbes degrade hydrocarbons and heteroaromatic components of petroleum contaminants directed towards better understanding of the aerobic degradation processes and their exploitation for bioremediation. The phylogenetic diversity of the oil-degrading microbes was also discussed.

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“…(Bell et al 1974, Lau et al 2007, Moreira et al 2011, Tada et al 2011, Trabelsi & Rassoulzadegan 2011, Nelson & Carlson 2012, Sarmento & Gasol 2012, Gómez-Consarnau et al 2012. Testing a diverse suite of DOM sources prepared in various ways allowed for investigating response dynamics of individual bacterioplankton strains to DOM sources of distinct size, chemistry and origin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the importance of this secondary production for marine food webs and carbon cycling, details regarding the role of microbial diversity in the uptake and utilization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are limited, and few connections have been made between specific producers and consumers of marine DOM. We amended fifteen axenic strains of heterotrophic marine bacteria, Taxon-specific responses of bacterioplankton to DOM derived from phytoplankton cultures have been demonstrated for decades (Bell et al 1974). However, the recognition of the uncultured microbial majority (Rappé & Giovannoni 2003) and widespread use of molecular tools to track microbial community structure dynamics has shifted research away from strain-specific approaches and toward studies focused on whole community dynamics (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial production and consumption of marine dissolved organic matter

Becker¹

2013

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Marine phytoplankton are the principal producers of oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM), the organic substrate responsible for secondary production by heterotrophic microbes in the sea. Despite the importance of DOM in marine food webs, details regarding how marine microbes cycle DOM are limited, and few definitive connections have been made between specific producers and consumers. Consumption is thought to depend on the source of the DOM as well as the identity of the consumer; however, it remains unclear how phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition are related, and the metabolic pathways involved in the turnover of DOM by different microbial taxa are largely unknown. The motivation for this thesis is to examine the role of microbial diversity in determining the composition, lability, and physiological consumption of marine DOM. The chemical composition of DOM produced by marine phytoplankton was investigated at the molecular level using mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that individual phytoplankton strains release a unique suite of organic compounds. Connections between DOM composition and the phylogenetic identity of the producing organism were identified on multiple levels, revealing a direct relationship between phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition. Phytoplankton-derived DOM was also employed in growth assays with oligotrophic bacterioplankton strains to examine effects on heterotrophic growth dynamics. Reproducible responses ranged from suppressed to enhanced growth rates and cell yields, and depended both on the identity of the heterotroph and the source of the DOM. Novel relationships between specific bacterioplankton types and DOM from known biological sources were found, and targets for additional studies on reactive DOM components were identified. The physiology of DOM consumption by a marine Oceanospirillales strain was studied using a combined transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic approach. The transcriptional response of this bacterium to Prochlorococcus-derived DOM revealed an increase in anabolic processes related to metabolism of carboxylic acids and glucosides, increased gene expression related to proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy, and decreased gene expression related to motility. Putative identification of compounds present in Prochlorococcus-derived DOM supported these responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential for linking detailed chemical analyses of labile DOM from a known biological source with bacterioplankton diversity and physiology. My parents and my brother, Bob, Ellen, & Brian, who taught me young to pursue whatever it is that makes me happy. You've not only stood by my side, but also kept me from falling on many occasions.And finally…the menagerie. For love. For perspective. Misty, Will, Pac, & Lexi -I wouldn't trade a single crazy day. 6All things are one thing and that one thing is all things -plankton, a shimmering phosphorescence on the sea and the spinning planets and an expanding universe, all bound together by the elastic string ...

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Selective stimulation of marine bacteria by algal extracellular products1

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Aerobic Degradation of Petroleum Components by Microbial Consortia

Microbial production and consumption of marine dissolved organic matter

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