Selective smelting of lateritic ores

Udy, Marvin J.; Udy, Murray C.

doi:10.1007/bf03397826

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Abbreviations: BF: Blast Furnace; SAF: Submerged Arc Furnace; FeNi: Ferronickel; NA: Not available. 2 Warner et al [44] and Solar et al [45]. 3 Rao et al [16].…”

Section: Summary Of the Pyrometallurgical Nickel Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the use of the rotary kiln-electric arc furnace (RKEF) process appeared in the introduction of the strategic Udy smelting process, proposed by M.J. Udy and M.C. Udy in 1959, for the treatment of lateritic ores containing nickel and chromium in order to obtain the products of refined steel, chromium iron, and ferro-nickel [2]. The industrial application of calcination kilns was first reported to be conducted at SLN before 1960 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of Recent Possible Modifications to the Conventional Route

Keskinkilic

2019

Metals

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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, prereduction, and smelting—followed by further refining for the removal of impurities from the raw ferro-nickel. As indicated in many studies of the RKEF process, the major downside of this method is its high energy consumption. Efforts have been made to lower this consumption. Furthermore, several new processes have been proposed. Among these, low-grade ferro-nickel production is regarded as the most widely and industrially used process after traditional RKEF operation. Although not widespread, other alternative processes of industrial scale have been generated since the start of the millennium. Recently, certain innovative processes have been tested either in the laboratory or at pilot-scale. In this paper, a literature review related to the smelting of laterites is made, and an emphasis on new processes and some examples of new developments in the RKEF process are presented.

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“…Abbreviations: BF: Blast Furnace; SAF: Submerged Arc Furnace; FeNi: Ferronickel; NA: Not available. 2 Warner et al [44] and Solar et al [45]. 3 Rao et al [16].…”

Section: Summary Of the Pyrometallurgical Nickel Extraction Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and Some Examples of Recent Possible Modifications to the Conventional Route

Keskinkilic

2019

Metals

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“…As a result, using physical treatment techniques to properly upgrade these ores is generally difficult. Pyrometallurgical extraction techniques are used to extract nickel from laterite ores, which may yield significant nickel recoveries, to solve this challenge [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Furthermore, the laterite mineral will have a significant impact on the reducing roasting process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Reductor Type in Thermal Upgrading of Limonite

Bahfie,

Manaf,

Astuti

et al. 2023

MSF

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Thermal upgrading is the process for nickel extraction in selective reduction with holding temperature in low (300-500 °C). The effect and type of reductor are the main factor during this process. With those factors, this research will be finding the variation of reductor type. The first step is limonite and reductor characterization. Ni, Fe, Mg, Al, and Si levels in limonite are 1.4 Ni, 50.5 Fe, 1.81 Al, 4.86 Mg, and 16.5 Si weight percent, respectively. The iron oxide/oxyhydroxide content of limonite is 94.4 percent and 5.6 percent silicate. For reductor, those are graphite, palm kernel shell, and anthracite with carbon percentage 98, 77, and 68 %. From XRF, the optimum nickel grade is in the graphite and anthracite with 6.5 and 7 wt%. For phases, the ferronickel is appearing in the high intensity for the optimum reductor type and the microstructure is around 5-10 um for both. Moreover, the optimum reductor type are graphite and anthracite. Keyword: reductor type, limonite, phase, microstructure, thermal upgrading.

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