Selective separation of nickel and cadmium from sulfate solutions of spent nickel–cadmium batteries using mixtures of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302

Babakhani, Ataollah; Rashchi, Fereshteh; Zakeri, Alireza; Vahidi, Ehsan

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.063

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18] Tripathy et al 17 used H 2 SO 4 as a stripping agent. The performances of acidic carriers, viz., TOPS-99 (or di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid) for separation of cadmium were studied by various group of researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of toxic heavy metals from its aqueous solution using environmentally benign vegetable oil as liquid membrane

et al. 2015

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This paper presents an experimental investigation of simultaneous extraction and recovery of harmful heavy metals from the industrial wastewater through Bulk Liquid Membrane (BLM) based technology. The selective extraction and stripping are achieved through the transportation of two such heavy metals viz., lead and cadmium. The environmentally benign coconut oil is selected as solvent of the Liquid Membrane (LM) through two phase equilibrium studies. Same studies are performed to optimize various physico-chemical parameters, such as pH of feed phase, concentrations of feed and strip phases, temperature, speed of stirring of feed phase, run time (duration of extraction), concentration of carrier etc., on the extraction of cadmium. The performance of LM is enhanced with respect to run time by the use of a suitable extracting agent i.e. carrier. Three phase transportation studies are thereby conducted through BLM at the same optimized operating parameters obtained in two phase studies. The extraction and recovery are found to be 72% and 64%, respectively. Further experimentations through BLM were conducted for transportation of lead with the same set of operating parameters. Both the extraction (82%) and recovery (77%) are found comparatively higher for lead as opposed to that of cadmium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of toxic heavy metals from its aqueous solution using environmentally benign vegetable oil as liquid membrane

et al. 2015

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“…the solvent extraction of cadmium using D2EHPA as it is commonly used for extracting cadmium [39][40][41] and was evaluated in a pilot scale process for recycling CdTe module recycling.…”

Section: Solvent Extraction Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy and material requirements for solvent extraction of cadmium is determined from literature (Section 3 SI). [39][40][41][42][43][44] Similar to the ion-exchange process, there is no reported data on the purity of the Cd and Te recovered through solvent extraction. As a result, we assume the Cd and Te is subsequently purified in a downstream process operated by a third party.…”

Section: Solvent Extraction Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally improved CdTe photovoltaic recycling through novel technologies and facility location strategies

Ravikumar

Seager

Sinha

et al. 2020

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Photovoltaic waste is projected to reach up to 78 million tons across globally dispersed locations through 2050. Current recycling infrastructure is inadequate to process these waste volumes responsibly. This necessitates commercializing novel, environmentally advantageous photovoltaic recycling technologies that improve upon incumbent industrial operations. CdTe photovoltaic recycling is a promising candidate for improvements as 25,000 tons of spent modules are recycled worldwide annually. This paper evaluates the operational performance and compares six novel technologies, the incumbent technology used in industry and one technology which extends the incumbent process across ten environmental impact categories. The tradeoff between incurring a transportation burden (ship or road) to recycle in a large-scale centralized facility with a higher operational efficiency and avoiding transportation by recycling in a smallscale decentralized facility with a lower operational efficiency is evaluated. Thermal delamination to eliminate the ethylene vinyl acetate and separate the photovoltaic glass panels is This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/pip.3279 preferable to the incumbent mechanical process across nine environmental impact categories and decreases the climate-change impact of CdTe photovoltaic recycling by 23%. Bath and probe sonication are ineffective for delamination, and the use of organic solvents is more environmentally burdensome than the incumbent mechanical process. Centralized recycling with shipping is environmentally preferable than with road-based transportation. For every 100-km increase in road transportation from the decentralized to the centralized facility, the inventory requirement in the centralized facility should be 6% lower than the decentralized facility for centralized recycling to have a lower climate-change impact than decentralized recycling. The corresponding value for shipping is 0.4%.

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“…The most frequently used technology for selective recovery of cadmium, nickel and cobalt is solvent extraction. [7,10,11,17,18,19,20] After iron removal by hydroxide precipitation, cadmium is extracted into kerosene using di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phosphonic acid as the extractant. In a second step, nickel is separated from cobalt with bis (2, 4, 4-trimethylpentyl) phosphonic acid commercially called CYANEX 272.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-life nickel–cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass

Hazotte

Leclerc

Diliberto

et al. 2014

Environmental Technology

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The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)2 (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)2 form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)2 (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.

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Selective separation of nickel and cadmium from sulfate solutions of spent nickel–cadmium batteries using mixtures of D2EHPA and Cyanex 302

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Separation of toxic heavy metals from its aqueous solution using environmentally benign vegetable oil as liquid membrane

Separation of toxic heavy metals from its aqueous solution using environmentally benign vegetable oil as liquid membrane

Environmentally improved CdTe photovoltaic recycling through novel technologies and facility location strategies

End-of-life nickel–cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass

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