Selective Sensing of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S on Platinum/Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)-diamond Powder Hybrid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

In this work, a new platinum (Pt) nanoparticles-functionalized poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA)-diamond powder (DMP) composite-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated for electrochemical sensing of the selective or simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). The Pt/PDDA-DMP hybrid was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction analyzer. This hybrid exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of BPA and BPS. The simultaneous determination of BPA and BPS by cyclic voltammetry yielded a difference of 0.316 V, which was sufficiently large for their potential recognition and simultaneous detection in mixtures. Differential pulse voltammetry was successfully used to simultaneously quantify BPA and BPS within the concentration range of 5-30 and 10-60 μM under optimal conditions, respectively. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of Pt/PDDA-DMP/GCE for BPA and BPS were 0.6 and 2.0 μM, respectively. The fabricated electrode showed good sensitivity, stability, and selectivity. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine BPA and BPS in biological samples. Bisphenol A (BPA) [2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (C 15 H 16 O 2 )] is an important chemical raw material that is widely used in industrial production and daily life.1-3 It is extensively used in food cans, packing materials, water bottles, and baby bottles. As an environmental hormone material that causes abnormal hormone activity, BPA causes irreversible damage to organisms and the environment, and low doses can even result in human endocrine disorders. 5,6 In addition, BPA negatively affects female hormones, which can lead to a series of female diseases, such as induced precocious puberty, reproductive dysfunction, endometrial hyperplasia, and recurrent miscarriage. 7,8 Canada and China banned the use of BPA in baby bottles in 2010 and 2011, respectively, because of its negative effects on humans, particularly to children and infants. 9 In recent years, numerous companies and factories are currently using bisphenol S (BPS) [4,4 sulfomyldiphenol (C 12 H 10 O 4 S)] instead of BPA.10 BPS is widely used in polyethersulfone. The production and use of BPS as a chemical additive in pesticides, dyestuffs, colorfast agents, dye dispersants, and monomer in cyclic carbonates are increasing and will exceed those of BPA. 11,12 Although BPS has high thermal stability and low biodegradability, 13 it also has biological toxicity 14,15 and negative hormone effects.16,17 BPS and BPA disrupt the human endocrine system by interfering with several functional nuclear receptors.18 Thus, BPS is not a safe and reliable replacement for BPA. Several methods are available for state of the art tools for detecting BPS and BPA, such as automated on-line column-switching high performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry, 19 analytical paralysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, 20 synchronous...

Graphitic Carbon-Coated PtCoNi Alloys Supported on N-Doped Porous Carbon Nanoflakes for Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A

“…The linear regression equation is depicted as I = 0.1481C BPA − 0.2674 (R 2 = 0.9978), and the limit of detection (LOD) is down to 0.19 μM (S/N = 3) by standard formula. 63 The as-constructed sensor exhibits a wider linear range and lower LOD as compared with the previously reported research for the detection of BPA (Table S1), such as platinum/poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)−diamond powder (Pt/PDDA−DMP) 68 and silver NPs−exfoliated graphite (Ag−EG) 2 . Based on the data, the G-PtCoNi/N-PCFs are certified as feasible for the determination of BPA.…”

Bisphenol A Detection Using Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) Field‐Effect Transistor Functionalized with DNA Aptamers

“…[15][16][17][18][19] Zheng et al demonstrated platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NP) modified poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)-diamond based glassy carbon electrode for the electrotechnical detection of bisphenol S and BPA with a sensitivity range of 10-60 (2.3 −14 µg mL −1 ) and 5-30 µm (1.1 −6.8 µg mL −1 ), respectively. [20] Another study demonstrated highly sensitive tyrosinase immobilized diamond electrode-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of BPA in the concentration range of 2.3 pg mL −1 to 23 ng mL −1 . [19] Dong et al reported a highly conductive electrochemical sensor modified with graphite NP with a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 10 pg mL −1 BPA.…”

Detection of Bisphenol A Using DNA-Functionalized Graphene Field Effect Transistors Integrated in Microfluidic Systems

“…Nowadays, another technique based on electrochemical characterization has been widely applied into BPA determination. Because of their fast responses and real-time detections, the electrochemical BPA sensors have been reported by many groups. − Most of the devices are based on the construction or modification of electrodes with nanoparticles (NPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and other nanomaterials to increase their surface area, conductivity, and electrochemical activity. These techniques can improve the sensitivity of BPA detection and decrease the operational voltage of the devices.…”

“…These techniques can improve the sensitivity of BPA detection and decrease the operational voltage of the devices. Specifically, Zheng et al presented the glassy carbon electrodes functionalized with the Pt NP-modified poly­(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)–diamond composite for the electrochemical sensing of BPA and bisphenol S with the sensitivity range of 5–30 μM (1.1–6.8 μg/mL) and 10–60 μM (2.3–14 μg/mL), respectively . Another highly sensitive electrochemical BPA sensor was realized with the immobilization of tyrosinase onto a diamond electrode that was also modified with diazonium, and CNTs, which demonstrated a large linear detection range between 10 pM and 100 nM (2.3 pg/mL to 23 ng/mL).…”

“…Specifically, Zheng et al presented the glassy carbon electrodes functionalized with the Pt NP-modified poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)−diamond composite for the electrochemical sensing of BPA and bisphenol S with the sensitivity range of 5−30 μM (1.1−6.8 μg/mL) and 10−60 μM (2.3−14 μg/mL), respectively. 17 Another highly sensitive electrochemical BPA sensor was realized with the immobilization of tyrosinase onto a diamond electrode that was also modified with diazonium, and CNTs, 18 which demonstrated a large linear detection range between 10 pM and 100 nM (2.3 pg/ mL to 23 ng/mL). In 2017, an electrochemical sensor based on a highly conductive graphite NP-modified electrode was reported by Piao et al, showing a detection limit of 35 nM (10 ng/mL).…”