Selective removal of zinc from basic oxygen furnace sludges

Cantarino, Marcos Vinícius; Filho, Celso de Carvalho; Mansur, Marcelo Borges

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.11.004

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Alternatively, this stream can be treated by pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical processes in order to separate zinc from the sludge in a very efficient and economical manner (Makkonen et al, 2002;Das et al, 2007;Trung et al, 2011;Cantarino et al, 2012;Remus et al, 2013). The most commonly used method is acid or basic leaching (Kelebek et al, 2004;Das et al, 2007;Trung et al, 2011Das et al, 2007Trung et al, 2011), but anion exchange, flotation, cyclonage (Das et al, 2007), and calcination (Cantarino et al, 2012) can also be used, as well as a combination of these methods. Hydrometallurgical processes present higher flexibility in plants and have proven to be more economical because of lower capital and operating costs, as well as the fact that they are more selective than pyrometallurgical methods.…”

Section: Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of solid wastes from steelmaking and galvanizing processes: A brief review

Lobato

Villegas

Mansur

2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Section: Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of solid wastes from steelmaking and galvanizing processes: A brief review

Lobato

Villegas

Mansur

2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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“…In the case of BOF dust, the main input of zinc is via the cooling scrap charged to the converter. The zinc content in BOF dust has been addressed by hydrometallurgical approaches [9][10][11][12] and by employing a coke breeze-less sintering operation [13]. Also, as zinc evaporation mainly occurs early in the converting process, the possibility of in-process separation of zinc has been suggested [14].…”

Section: Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

A Holistic and Experimentally-Based View on Recycling of Off-Gas Dust within the Integrated Steel Plant

Andersson

Gullberg²,

Kullerstedt³

et al. 2018

Metals

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Ore-based ironmaking generates a variety of residues, including slags and fines such as dust and sludges. Recycling of these residues within the integrated steel plant or in other applications is essential from a raw-material efficiency perspective. The main recycling route of off-gas dust is to the blast furnace (BF) via sinter, cold-bonded briquettes and tuyere injection. However, solely relying on the BF for recycling implicates that certain residues cannot be recycled in order to avoid build-up of unwanted elements, such as zinc. By introducing a holistic view on recycling where recycling via other process routes, such as the desulfurization (deS) station and the basic oxygen furnace (BOF), landfilling can be avoided. In the present study, process integration analyses were utilized to determine the most efficient recycling routes for off-gas dust that are currently not recycled within the integrated steel plants of Sweden. The feasibility of recycling was studied in experiments conducted in laboratory, pilot, and full-scale trials in the BF, deS station, and BOF. The process integration analyses suggested that recycling to the BF should be maximized before considering the deS station and BOF. The experiments indicated that the amount of residue that are not recycled could be minimized.

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“…The average composition of the BOF sludge is about 60-75% iron, 0.3-1.6% of zinc, 1-2% carbon, and 1% lead [1]. A mineralogical study of BOF sludge from ArcelorMittal Monlevade (Brazil) showed that the following mineralogical phases were present both in the coarse and the fine fraction: wüstite (FeO), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), metallic iron (α-Fe), lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), calcite (CaCO 3 ), and portlandite (Ca(OH) 2 ) [3]. Zincite (ZnO) could not be identified, and the identification of franklinite (ZnFe 2 O 4 ) was not possible due to overlap with the peaks of magnetite in the X-ray diffractogram.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Removal of Zinc from BOF Sludge by Leaching with Mixtures of Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate

Rodriguez

Gijsemans

Bussé

et al. 2020

J. Sustain. Metall.

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The zinc content of basic oxygen furnace (BOF) sludges is too high for direct recycling into the blast furnace via the sinter plant, as excessive zinc concentrations are detrimental for the refractory lining of the blast furnace. However, by partial and selective removal of zinc from the BOF sludge, the residual sludge can be used as a secondary iron resource in the blast furnace. In this paper, BOF sludge was leached with aqueous ammonia, aqueous solutions of ammonium salts (chloride, carbonate, and sulfate), and aqueous mixtures of ammonia and ammonium salt. The mixtures of ammonia and ammonium salt could leach more zinc with respect to either the aqueous ammonia or the aqueous ammonium salt solution. The ammonia–ammonium carbonate (AAC) mixture was selected as the most suitable lixiviant due to the high zinc leaching efficiency in combination with a high selectivity towards iron; furthermore, this combination does not introduce unwanted chloride or sulfate impurities in the residue. The leaching process was optimized in terms of the liquid-to-solid ratio, total ammonia concentration, ammonium:ammonia molar ratio, temperature, and leaching time. The co-dissolved iron was precipitated as a hydroxide after oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions by an air stream, without co-precipitation of zinc, while the dissolved zinc could be easily recovered as zinc sulfide by precipitation with ammonium sulfide. The (almost) closed-loop process was successfully up-scaled from 10 mL to 1 L scale. Graphical Abstract

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Selective removal of zinc from basic oxygen furnace sludges

Cited by 53 publications

References 14 publications

Management of solid wastes from steelmaking and galvanizing processes: A brief review

Management of solid wastes from steelmaking and galvanizing processes: A brief review

A Holistic and Experimentally-Based View on Recycling of Off-Gas Dust within the Integrated Steel Plant

Selective Removal of Zinc from BOF Sludge by Leaching with Mixtures of Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate

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