Selective Recovery of Manganese from Low-Grade Ferruginous Manganese Ores Through SO2 Leaching

Comprehensive Utilization of Diamond Wire Saw Silicon Powder Waste and Low-Grade Mn Ore to Prepare a MnSi1.73–1.75-Rich Alloy

“…1 However, the rapid depletion of high-grade Mn ore resources poses a challenge for Mn-based industries. 2 Therefore, many methods have been proposed and developed to extract Mn from low-grade Mn ores, such as using toxic nitrocellulose acid wastewater as a reductant (leaching efficiency of Mn 97.4%), 3 a reduction roasting process by direct reduced iron making (Mn recovery ratio 75%), 4 sulfidation roasting to prepare LiMn 2 O 4 for lithium-ion batteries (leaching efficiency of Mn 99.1%), 5 recovery of Fe and enrichment of Mn by smelting reduction using coke as a reductant (MnO increased from 27.36% to >35% and Fe decreased from 22.36% to <5%), 6 microwave heating using pyrite as a reducing agent (leaching ratio of Mn 98.6%), 7 SO 2 leaching (recovery ratio of Mn 97.9%), 8 reductive acid leaching using lignin as a low-cost reductant (leaching ratio of Mn 91%), 9 preparation of low-Mn pig iron and high Mn slag via carbo-thermic reduction (recovery ratio of MnO 94.59%), 10 enhancement of leaching with an electric field (leaching efficiency of Mn 98.2%), 11 suspension reductive roasting and magnetic separation (recovery ratio of MnO 87.02%), 12 preparation of high-grade manganese concentrate using HCl acid (Mn content increased from 16.4% to 51.6%), 13 leaching using pretreated sawdust as a reductant (leaching ratio of Mn 94.1%), 14 separation of magnetic ferrite ceramics by magnetic separation (recovery ratio of Mn 85.6%), 15 and bioleaching using Aspergillus niger (leaching ratio of Mn 80%). 16 Solar energy, a renewable energy source, has been developing rapidly worldwide owing to fossil fuel depletion and environmental protection efforts.…”