“…A number of recent papers have noted the high potential of membrane methods for the selective extraction of nutrients (biologically significant chemical elements) and inorganic ions (e.g., lithium, cobalt, and nickel) from waste and industrial waters, leachate solution, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], as well as for reagentless production/recovery of acids and bases [ 5 ]. The advantage of membrane methods compared to traditional reagent-based methods is low energy and resource consumption (almost no chemical reagents are required), as well as high environmental friendliness (no additional waste streams).…”