Selective Preparation of SnO<sub>2</sub> and SnO Crystals with Controlled Morphologies in an Aqueous Solution System

Uchiyama, Hironobu; Ohgi, Hirotoshi; Imai, Hiroaki

doi:10.1021/cg060328p

Cited by 91 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The formation of SnO could be ascribed to the dehydration of basic chloride andhydrous oxide. Similar results have been reported by Uchiyama et al [15]. The crystal structure of stannous oxide (SnO) is layered in the [001] crystallographic direction with a van-der-Waals gap between two adjacent Sn planes.…”

Section: The Formation Mechanism Of the Sno 2 Nano-sheetssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…As an n-type wide-bandgap semiconductor, SnO 2 is an important functional material, which has been extensively used in gas sensors and optoelectronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In recent years, SnO 2 nanostructures with various geometrical morphologies have been reported, including hollow structures, nano-belt/ wire/tubes/rods, nano-diskettes, nano-sheets, and nano-particles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Various preparation methods have been explored, including hydrothermal methods, thermal evaporation, sol-gel methods, co-precipitation, and direct oxidation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Guo

Tan

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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We report a mild template-free hydrothermal route for selective synthesis of SnO 2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets using SnCl 2 and NaOH as initial materials. By switching the solvent from water to ethanol, the formed SnO 2 nanostructures changed from nano-sheets to hollow microspheres. The obtained nano-sheets were single crystalline in structure. On the basis of the characterization of intermediate products, the formation of SnO 2 hollow microspheres was ascribed to a crystal growth process, while the formation of SnO 2 nano-sheets was ascribed to the oxidation of SnO 2 sheets during the hydrothermal process. Further characterization of the SnO 2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy reveals different optical absorption properties and valence band electronic structures. In addition, the SnO 2 nano-sheets and hollow microspheres exhibit different sensing properties. The present work provides a facile and simple template-free method for the synthesis of nano-structured SnO 2 . SnO 2 , hydrothermal, nanostructure, sensing Citation: Li Y, Guo Y Q, Tan R Q, et al. Selective synthesis of SnO 2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route.Recently, nano-scale materials have attracted much attention because of their excellent and fascinating properties. Synthesis of nano-materials with controlled morphology, size, chemical composition and crystal structure is of great significance in nano-technological applications. As an n-type wide-bandgap semiconductor, SnO 2 is an important functional material, which has been extensively used in gas sensors and optoelectronic devices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. In recent years, SnO 2 nanostructures with various geometrical morphologies have been reported, including hollow structures, nano-belt/ wire/tubes/rods, nano-diskettes, nano-sheets, and nano-particles [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Various preparation methods have been explored, including hydrothermal methods, thermal evaporation, sol-gel methods, co-precipitation, and direct oxidation [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The hydrothermal processes, especially starting from aqueous solutions, are the most widely investigated.To control the morphology of SnO 2 , template-assisted methods were usually adopted in previous studies. The use of templates has some disadvantages such as high cost and tedious synthetic procedures, which may limit their large-scale applications. However, experimental trials for the SnO 2 preparation by template-free routes are inadequate. The control of morphology using template-free hydrothermal routes for synthesis of SnO 2 nanostructure is still challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel template-free (or surfactant-free) hydrothermal process for the selective synthesis of SnO 2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets by simply changing the solvent. Their optical and electronic structural properties are also presented.

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Section: The Formation Mechanism Of the Sno 2 Nano-sheetssupporting

confidence: 87%

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confidence: 99%

Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Guo

Tan

et al. 2010

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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“…16 On the other hand, defined In this case, SnO crystals with meshed structures were formed with the rapid dissolution of Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 due to a high solubility of the oxyhydroxide under the acidic condition. Dendritic morphologies are generally produced through branching crystal growth with a relatively high driving force for crystallization under a diffusionlimited condition.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…16 The formation of an intermediate state of Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 is essential for the steady growth of crystalline SnO. Here, we address the preparation of various types of fascinating meshed structures that were composed of crystalline SnO nanoribbons through Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 as an intermediate state.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tin Oxide Meshes Consisting of Nanoribbons Prepared through an Intermediate Phase in an Aqueous Solution

Uchiyama

Imai

2007

Crystal Growth & Design

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Novel nanoarchitectures of SnO and SnO 2 crystals that had two-and three-dimensionally meshed structures consisting of nanoribbons were prepared through Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 as an intermediate state. Two-dimensional meshes consisting of oriented nanoribbons of single-crystalline tin monoxide (SnO) that was 50-300 nm wide were grown via Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 , which was initially produced at room temperature. Textured spherical particles with three-dimensional meshed nanostructures were produced at 60°C in the presence of citric acid in the aqueous system. The formation of the specific architectures is ascribed to the densely branching growth of SnO crystals in a matrix of Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 as a reactant. The meshed nanostructures of rutile-type tin dioxide were successfully obtained by oxidation of the SnO crystals without deformation of their architectures.Tetragonal tin monoxide (SnO) is known as a precursor of rutiletype tin dioxide (SnO 2 ), 1,2 which is widely used as an oxide semiconductor for transparent electrodes 3 and gas sensors. 4 Recently, SnO has received attention as an anode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries because the theoretical capacity of SnO (875 mA‚h/g) was estimated to be superior to those of graphite (372 mA‚h/g) and SnO 2 (783 mA‚h/g). 5 The preparation of SnO with specific morphologies has been achieved by various conventional techniques including vapor and liquid routes. 1,2,6 Nanowhiskers and nanoplates of SnO were prepared by a hydrothermal process with surfactants 6 and sonication at room temperature, 2 respectively. Since the properties and performance of metal oxide semiconductors are commonly influenced by the nanostructures as well as by the crystallinity, 7,8 the morphologically controlled preparation of crystalline SnO would be important to its applications.In recent years, self-organization under ambient conditions has been focused in regard to a biomimetic technique for controlled fabrication of nanomaterials. Nanoscale architectures are constructed through a bottom-up approach using the interaction between organic and inorganic molecules. The morphology of metal oxide crystals including TiO 2 , SnO 2 , and ZnO was successfully controlled by the addition of organic molecules into the solution systems. 9-12 In these cases, the adsorption of the organic molecules to specific surfaces would vary the morphology of resultant crystals according to the modification of the growth mode. Recent reports suggested that the intermediate state such as amorphous or metastable phases played an important role in biomineralization. 13 Crystallization through the intermediate states often leads to the formation of single crystals with complex morphologies. 14,15 These superstructures hold promise as functional materials for a variety of appications.We previously reported a preparation method of platy and flowerlike SnO crystals using an aqueous solution of SnF 2 . 16 The formation of an intermediate state of Sn 6 O 4 (OH) 4 is essential for the steady growth of crystalline SnO. Here, we addre...

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“…Solid state SnO is thermodynamically unstable and converts into SnO 2 during high-temperature annealing. 23 As shown in Figure 7, when the calcination temperature increases, the intensity of the SnO peaks decreases, and the intensity of the SnO 2 peaks increases indicating a high degree of crystallinity and grain sizes of the nanoparticles. The average particle size is estimated from XRD measurements in the range of 4 nm to 12 nm for different samples (see Table I).…”

Section: Structure and Morphologymentioning

confidence: 91%

Highly Sensitive Tin Oxide Hollow Microspheres and Nanosheets to Ethanol Gas Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

Firooz

Mahjoub²,

Khodadadi³

et al. 2010

J. Nanosci. Nanotech.

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In this study, we synthesized tetragonal-phase SnO2 with a variety of well-crystallized morphologies as solid microspheres, hollow microspheres and mixture of hollow microspheres and nanosheets via the hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples were characterized with XRD, SEM, and BET. SnO2 hollow microsphere structures have been hydrothermally synthesized by using urea and SnCl2 as raw materials. With the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), nanostructures with morphologies of hollow microspheres and nanosheets were obtained. Also, when CTAB was added in the reaction solution without urea, SnO2 microsphere with a solid interior composed of nanoparticles were obtained. A possible formation mechanism of these samples was briefly discussed. The gas sensing properties of sensors based on these samples were investigated. The result revealed that sample with morphology of hollow microsphere and nanosheet calcined at 600 degrees C showed the highest sensitivity to ethanol due to the special morphology and absence of SnO phase.

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Selective Preparation of SnO₂ and SnO Crystals with Controlled Morphologies in an Aqueous Solution System

Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Tin Oxide Meshes Consisting of Nanoribbons Prepared through an Intermediate Phase in an Aqueous Solution

Highly Sensitive Tin Oxide Hollow Microspheres and Nanosheets to Ethanol Gas Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

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Selective Preparation of SnO2 and SnO Crystals with Controlled Morphologies in an Aqueous Solution System

Cited by 91 publications

References 32 publications

Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Selective synthesis of SnO2 hollow microspheres and nano-sheets via a hydrothermal route

Tin Oxide Meshes Consisting of Nanoribbons Prepared through an Intermediate Phase in an Aqueous Solution

Highly Sensitive Tin Oxide Hollow Microspheres and Nanosheets to Ethanol Gas Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

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Selective Preparation of SnO₂ and SnO Crystals with Controlled Morphologies in an Aqueous Solution System