Selective preparation of bio‐based high‐value chemical of cresol with Cu‐MOF catalyst

Abstract

BACKGROUND The development of efficient synthetic pathways for bio‐based chemicals is beneficial to sustainable development of the chemical industry. However, directional production of phenolic chemicals using lignocellulose remains a challenging issue, because the reaction paths as well as intermediates in the catalytic transformation of lignocellulose are often complicated. RESULTS Bio‐based cresol can be selectively prepared from lignocellulose biomass. This steerable transformation has been achieved by lignocellulose catalytic pyrolysis to aromatic intermediates over a magnetic oxide‐modified zeolite catalyst (Fe3O4@HZSM‐5) and intermediate hydroxylation to cresol over a metal–organic framework catalyst (Cu‐MOF). Based on the analysis of intermediates and on catalyst characterization, the corresponding reaction pathways are put forward. Using the Cu‐MOF catalyst, the highest selectivity of cresol (81.5%) and the highest conversion (76.8%) were gained at 40 °C in 4 h. CONCLUSIONS The work presented proves that an important phenolic chemical (cresol) can be selectively prepared from lignocellulose raw materials. The Cu‐MOF catalyst shows superior performance and good reusability in the bio‐cresol synthesis. Reactive oxygen species take a prominent role in the cresol synthesis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Microwave synthesis of Fe–Cu diatomic active center MOF: synergistic cyclic catalysis of persulfate for degrading norfloxacin

“…33 The two peaks at 1594.4 and 1389.2 cm −1 represent the symmetric and asymmetric stretching of O–CO, which indicated that there was a dicarboxylic acid anionic crosslinker in the sample, while the peaks at 748.8 and 1014.4 cm −1 were assigned to C–H bending vibrations and C–O–C, respectively. 34 The absorption peak observed at 478 cm −1 was attributed to the bending vibration of Cu–O, 35 while the absorption peak at 1500.7 cm −1 displayed an increase with the inclusion of Cu species, signifying an intensified interaction. This observation served as evidence of the successful copper-doping process.…”

Iron ion catalyzed hydrogen peroxide pretreatment for bio‐jet fuel production from straw biomass

“…The FTIR spectra were scanned by a Nicolet/6700 spectrograph (Thermoscientific, Waltham, MA, USA), with a scanning wave number range of 400/cm to 4000/cm. 31 The morphological characteristics of the untreated and treated straw were analyzed using an SEM spectrometer (FEI-Quanta-200 SEM, The Netherlands). 32,33 XRD analysis was performed using a PW3040 diffractometer (Philips, The Netherlands), with the scanned range of 5 o < 2⊔ < 80 o .…”

“…Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed for the characterization of untreated and pretreated straw. The FTIR spectra were scanned by a Nicolet/6700 spectrograph (Thermoscientific, Waltham, MA, USA), with a scanning wave number range of 400/cm to 4000/cm 31 . The morphological characteristics of the untreated and treated straw were analyzed using an SEM spectrometer (FEI‐Quanta‐200 SEM, The Netherlands) 32,33 .…”

Advancements of MOFs in the Field of Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation for Propylene Production

“…The selectivity of a catalyst can be evaluated by measuring the yield and selectivity for the target product using analytical methods such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography [ 79 , 88 ], etc. It can also be studied by investigating the reaction mechanism and intermediates [ 79 , 89 , 90 , 91 ] providing a deeper understanding of selectivity. Furthermore, DFT calculations [ 43 , 92 ] can predict the energy barriers and reaction activity of different reaction pathways, facilitating the theoretical prediction of catalyst selectivity and the validation of reaction mechanisms.…”