Selective Polyetheretherketone Implants Combined with Graphene Cause Definitive Cell Adhesion and Osteogenic Differentiation

Abstract

Introduction Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has good biosafety and chemical stability for bone repair. However, PEEK is biologically inert and cannot promote bone apposition. This study investigated whether graphene-modified PEEK (G-PEEK) could improve cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Methods G-PEEK was prepared by melted blending and was characterized. In vitro, the biocompatibility of G-PPEK and the ability to promote cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation in rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were examined using live and dead cell double staining, the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR). An in vivo rabbit extra-articular graft-to-bone healing model was established. At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, CT analysis and histological evaluation were performed. Results In vitro, G-PEEK significantly improved the adhesion and proliferation of rBMSCs, with good biocompatibility. In vivo, G-PEEK promoted new bone formation at the site of the bone defect. Conclusion G-PEEK showed excellent osteogenesis performance, which promises new applications in implant materials.

Osteogenic differentiation of 3D-printed porous tantalum with nano-topographic modification for repairing craniofacial bone defects

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Strategies to improve the performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as orthopedic implants: from surface modification to addition of bioactive materials

“…62 Also, cell adhesion and biological activity were significantly improved in cell experiments with the composite. 63 In addition, GO can also adhere to the sulfonated PEEK surface in the form of a coating to limit the adverse effects of sulfur-containing groups on the cells and to exert the antibacterial activity of GO. 64,65 4.1.3.…”

Construction of multifunctional coating with cationic amino acid-coupled peptides for osseointegration of implants

“…Rapid cell adhesion and migration enable cells to occupy the interface between the implant and bone tissue, this not only reduces the risk of bacterial infection but also provides a basis for cell osteogenic differentiation and mineralization [ 5 ]. Programmed osteogenic differentiation and ECM mineralization can promote bone formation and remodeling, which is the key for successful osseointegration [ 6 ]. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate cell behavior through redox signals to maintain homeostasis in the bone tissue environment.…”