Selective Persistence of HPV Cross-Neutralising Antibodies following Reduced-Dose HPV Vaccine Schedules

Abstract

The duration of cross-neutralising antibody responses (cross-NAb) following HPV immunisation is unknown. We compared cross-NAb responses in cohort of girls who were either unimmunised or had received immunisation with one, two or three doses of 4vHPV (Gardasil®, Merck Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) six years earlier, before and one month after a booster dose of 2vHPV (Cervarix®, GSK, Brentford, UK). NAb to potentially cross-reactive HPV genotypes 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 were measured using a HPV pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay. Girls who had previously received at least one dose of 4vHPV had significantly higher NAb titres for HPV31 when compared with unimmunised girls, whereas no difference in NAb titre was observed for four other genotypes (33, 45, 52 and 58). Following a single further immunisation with 2vHPV, NAb titres to each of the five tested HPV genotypes were comparable for girls who previously received one, two or three doses of 4vHPV, and were significantly higher than for previously unimmunised girls. Immunisation with one, two or three doses of 4vHPV induced NAb to HPV31 that persisted for six years, but there was no persistence of NAb to HPV33, 45, 52 or 58. Our results suggest that one or two doses of 4vHPV may provide long-term protection against HPV31.

Human Papillomavirus Infections in Cervical Samples From HIV-Positive Women: Evaluation of the Presence of the Nonavalent HPV Genotypes and Genetic Diversity

“…In a 4-year follow-up study on HIV-positive women who were vaccinated with the 4v, incidence and persistence of HPV51 and HPV39 types were observed. This suggests that previous data on the 4v cross-neutralization activities described in HIV-negative women did not extend to HIV-positive women (Toh et al, 2019).…”

“…Although the 9v has shown broad efficacy against the five additional HR types (Toft et al, 2014), it is not known whether it can cross-protect against all non-vaccine HPV types. The lifespan of the cross-neutralizing antibodies following HPV immunization is also not known (Toh et al, 2019). In particular, among HIV positives, the cross-neutralizing antibody titers were lower than those of HIV-negative people (Weinberg et al, 2012).…”

Development of a human papillomavirus (HPV) multiplex immunoassay to profile HPV antibodies

“…Samples with NAb to these nonvaccine types were mostly from individuals who had been boosted with 2vHPV, which has been shown to induce higher cross-reactive antibodies against closely related vaccine HPV types. [16][17][18]…”

Review of long-term immunogenicity following HPV vaccination: Gaps in current knowledge

“… 72 For the 4vHPV vaccine, higher antibody concentrations against HPV31 were observed up to 6 y after one-, two-, or three-dose-vaccination as compared to no vaccination, but this was not observed for other cross-protective serotypes. 82 This difference in antibody response against cross-protective types between vaccines might be due to the AS04 adjuvant system used in the 2vHPV vaccine, which is claimed to induce a broader immune response and may hence lead to higher antibody levels. 51 …”