Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Kreier, Felix; Fliers, Eric; Voshol, Peter J.; Eden, C.G. van; Havekes, Louis M.; Kalsbeek, Andries; Heijningen, Caroline L. Van; Sluiter, A.A.; Mettenleiter, Thomas C.; Romijn, Johannes A.; Sauerwein, Hans P.; Buijs, Ruud M.

doi:10.1172/jci15736

Cited by 168 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(21 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

145

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Exercise counteracts the insulin insensitivity associated with VAT, 75 exerts controls over VAT lipolysis through adrenergic signaling 3 and stimulates systemic FFA uptake and oxidation. 75 Moreover, VAT lipolysis has been shown to be sensitive to glucocorticoid levels 76 and the parasympathetic nervous system, 77 indicating the degree to which VAT is integrated in systemic energy utilization and stress signaling. These metabolic nuances of VAT may be particularly advantageous for hunting carnivores and may have evolved in such species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with greater obesity-related metabolic disturbance. Many studies have reported preferential loss of VAT with weight loss. Objective: This systematic review looks for factors associated with preferential loss of VAT relative to subcutaneous abdominal fat (SAT) during weight loss. Design: Medline and Embase were searched for imaging-based measurements of VAT and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) before and after weight loss interventions. We examine for factors that influences the percentage change in VAT versus SAT (%dV/%dS) with weight loss. Linear regression analyses were performed on the complete data set and on subgroups of studies. Factors examined included percentage weight loss, degree of caloric restriction, exercise, initial body mass index (BMI), gender, time of follow-up and baseline VAT/SAT. Results: There were 61 studies with a total of 98 cohort time points extracted. Percentage weight loss was the only variable that influenced %dV/%dS (r ¼ À0.29, P ¼ 0.005). Modest weight loss generated preferential loss of VAT, but with greater weight loss this effect was attenuated. The method of weight loss was not an influence with one exception. Very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs) provided exceptional short-term (o4 weeks) preferential VAT loss. But this effect was lost by 12-14 weeks. Conclusions: Visceral adipose tissue is lost preferentially with modest weight loss, but the effect is attenuated with greater weight loss. Acute caloric restriction, using VLCD, produces early preferential loss of VAT. These observations may help to explain the metabolic benefits of modest weight loss.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Parasympathetic nerves have also been suggested to improve insulin sensitivity, as inferred from studies in which depletion of parasympathetic neurons retroperitoneal fat of animals reduced insulin-mediated glucose uptake [36]. Furthermore, reduced parasympathetic activity has been thought to be associated with insulin resistance in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that autonomic mechanisms contribute to the adaptive increase in insulin secretion during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in humans

Åhrén

2008

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims/hypothesis This study examined whether autonomic mechanisms contribute to adaptively increased insulin secretion in insulin-resistant humans, as has been proposed from studies in animals. Methods Insulin secretion was evaluated before and after induction of insulin resistance with or without interruption of neural transmission. Insulin resistance was induced by dexamethasone (15 mg given over 3 days) in nine healthy women (age 67 years, BMI 25.2±3.4 kg/m 2 , fasting glucose 5.1± 0.4 mmol/l, fasting insulin 46±6 pmol/l). Insulin secretion was evaluated as the insulin response to intravenous arginine (5 g) injected at fasting glucose and after raising glucose to 13 to15 mmol/l or to >28 mmol/l. Neural transmission across the ganglia was interrupted by infusion of trimethaphan (0.3-0.6 mg kg −1 min −1 ). Results As an indication of insulin resistance, dexamethasone increased fasting insulin (to 75±8 pmol/l, p<0.001) without significantly affecting fasting glucose. Arginine-induced insulin secretion was increased by dexamethasone at all glucose levels (by 64±12% at fasting glucose, by 80± 19% at 13-15 mmol glucose and by 43±12% at >28 mmol glucose; p<0.001 for all). During dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, trimethaphan reduced the insulin response to arginine at all three glucose levels. The augmentation of the arginine-induced insulin responses by dexamethasoneinduced insulin resistance was reduced by trimethaphan by 48±6% at fasting glucose, 61±8% at 13-15 mmol/l glucose and 62±8% at >28 mmol/l glucose (p<0.001 for all). In contrast, trimethaphan did not affect insulin secretion before dexamethasone was given. Conclusions/interpretations Autonomic mechanisms contribute to the adaptative increase in insulin secretion in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in healthy participants.

show abstract

“…However, local administration of catecholamines to the muscle tissue induce muscle lipolysis which is more pronounced after epinephrine than norepinephrine stimulation (20). The autonomic innervations of fat tissue seem to influence insulin sensitivity by production of FFA and glycerol as well as gene expression of adipose tissue hormones such as resistin and leptin (21). Moreover, the lipolytical effects of catecholamines are more pronounced in visceral adipocytes while the antilipolytical effect of insulin is reduced, leading to higher FFA release from visceral fat.…”

Section: The Sympathetic Nervous System and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a disturbed parasympathetic activation with reduction of HISS release could be a contributing mechanism for insulin resistance. M a n u s c r i p t 9 In adipose tissue, parasympathetic activity seems to stimulate anabolic processes in contrast to the known catabolic effects by sympathetic innervation (21). Fat specific vagotomy decreased insulin mediated fat and glucose uptake while the activity of the catabolic hormone sensitive lipase was increased (21).…”

Section: The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…M a n u s c r i p t 9 In adipose tissue, parasympathetic activity seems to stimulate anabolic processes in contrast to the known catabolic effects by sympathetic innervation (21). Fat specific vagotomy decreased insulin mediated fat and glucose uptake while the activity of the catabolic hormone sensitive lipase was increased (21). Thus, sympathetic activity increases FFA release while parasympathetic activity seems to decrease FFA output from adipose tissue.…”

Section: The Parasympathetic Nervous System and Insulin Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neuroendocrine mechanisms in insulin resistance

Sjöstrand

Eriksson

2009

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dysregulated hormonal, metabolic and neural signalling within and between organs can contribute to development of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Insulinantagonistic effects of hormones, cytokines and excess metabolic substrates such as glucose and fatty acids may be exerted via common mechanisms involving for example reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and associated inflammatory responses.Visceral adiposity is a central component of the metabolic syndrome and it is also strongly associated with insulin resistance. Both visceral obesity and insulin resistance are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. In the development of insulin resistance, it is likely that intra-abdominal adipose tissue plays a critical role in a complex endocrine and neural network involving several tissues. This review paper focuses on neuroendocrine 'stress' factors that target insulin-responsive tissues, in particular adipose tissue. We propose that there are common pathways by which dysregulation in different endocrine systems may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.

show abstract

Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat — functional implications

Cited by 168 publications

References 42 publications

Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review

Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review

Evidence that autonomic mechanisms contribute to the adaptive increase in insulin secretion during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in humans

Neuroendocrine mechanisms in insulin resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About