“…Peaks in the FTIR spectra of commercial AMP correspond to P–OM (M = surface metal), P–O–M, and N–H bonds in the NH 4+ stretching mode at wavenumbers of 1080, 1120, and 1400/3250 cm –1 . Moreover, the main bands are 965/590/505, 863/791, and 1927 cm –1 in AMP, corresponding to (P–O), (Mo–O)/(P–OH), (M–O–Mo), and phosphate ions (PO and HO-PO), respectively. , When Ni and Pd precursors were introduced into commercial AMP using the HT technique at 180 °C, slight shifts in the peaks, especially in the broadened bands of P–O and Mo–O, were observed in Figure S5b,c, implying that Ni and Pd affect these bonds. Figure S5d shows that the spectral peaks associated with -OH, N–H, and others disappeared (505, 791, 1064, 1410, 1927, and 3210 cm –1 ), while new peaks appeared at 3438, 1628, 983, 865, 655, and 474 cm –1 after 100 min of SSR at 500 °C.…”