Selective Nucleation and Growth of an Organic Polymorph by Ledge-Directed Epitaxy on a Molecular Crystal Substrate

Bonafede, Salvatore J.; Ward, Michael D.

doi:10.1021/ja00135a001

Cited by 140 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…Such epitaxial alignment which is not based on the symmetries of the substrate but on the angular match between the facets of the growing organic crystallites is called "ledge-directed epitaxy." 36 This model is further supported by morphological growth studies reporting island nucleation at already grown fibers. 10,12,28 …”

Section: Island-like Structures (Crystallites Of Type S)mentioning

confidence: 63%

Epitaxial growth of sexithiophene on mica surfaces

et al. 2011

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We present a systematic study on the epitaxial growth of α-sexithiophene (6T) on two different types of substrates, phlogopite and muscovite mica. The study is based on a structural and morphological analysis using specular x-ray diffraction, x-ray diffraction pole figure technique, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy. It is shown, that 6T molecules on mica substrates crystallize in two different configurations, characterized either by the (411) or (100) contact plane. Whereas the first orientation consists of needle-like structures, the latter one forms an island-like morphology, and both crystal orientations exhibit a well-defined relationship with respect to each other. We demonstrate that this finding can be explained by directed epitaxy of islands along the sidewalls of the needle-like structures.

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Section: Island-like Structures (Crystallites Of Type S)mentioning

confidence: 63%

Epitaxial growth of sexithiophene on mica surfaces

et al. 2011

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“…Well before these simulations were performed, Ward and coworkers [160][161][162] crystallised molecular crystals in wedges (with obtuse angles β) made by cleaving a crystal. They cleaved crystals to make wedges, and then observed preferential nucleation of benzoic acid and other molecules along the line of the wedge [160][161][162] .…”

Section: Wedgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-classical nucleation of crystals: microscopic mechanisms and applications to molecular crystals, ice and calcium carbonate

Sear

2012

International Materials Reviews

204

219

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Crystals form via nucleation followed by growth. Often nucleation data is interpreted using the classical theory of nucleation, which is essentially a simple theory for the nucleation of a fluid phase. I characterise this classical theory as making six assumptions; I discuss each assumption in turn. I then review experiments and simulations that find nucleation behaviour that cannot be described by the classical theory. The experiments are on the crystallisation from solution of molecules such as drugs and related molecules, ice and calcium carbonate. The review also covers work on non-classical nucleation in solutions of the protein lysozyme, and work on the fascinating phenomenon of nucleation induced by laser pulses. I hope this review will be of interest to those studying the crystallisation of both molecules and ions from solution. The review aims to advance our understanding of the crucial first step in crystallisation, and to enable researchers studying crystallisation in one system to learn from what others have done in studying analogous phenomena in different systems.

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“…Recently Bonafede and Ward have shown how edge-directed epitaxy on single crystal succinic acid substrates may be used for the selective nucleation and growth of the less stable red polymorph. [74] The often serendipitous nature of the discovery of concomitant polymorphs is illustrated by another recent example of a two-component system, pyromellitic acid (11) and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (12). [75] The first polymorph (A) was obtained by the reaction of 11 with four equivalents of 12 in a methanolic solution.…”

Section: Concomitant Crystallization Of Multicomponent Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant Polymorphs

Bernstein

Davey

Henck

1999

Angewandte Chemie Intl Edit

817

671

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The simultaneous appearance of polymorphs of a substance has long been recognized but rarely noted or systematically studied. This phenomenon can be useful in the investigation of solid materials and in understanding the relative crystal energetics of polymorphic materials. This review covers the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern competitive and concomitant polymorphic crystallization. One of the many examples surveyed is a cyanine/oxonol complex, for which different relative molecular orientations in two of the many reported polymorphs are shown.

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Selective Nucleation and Growth of an Organic Polymorph by Ledge-Directed Epitaxy on a Molecular Crystal Substrate

Cited by 140 publications

References 0 publications

Epitaxial growth of sexithiophene on mica surfaces

Epitaxial growth of sexithiophene on mica surfaces

The non-classical nucleation of crystals: microscopic mechanisms and applications to molecular crystals, ice and calcium carbonate

Concomitant Polymorphs

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