Selective Medium for<i>Ceratocystis ulmi</i>

Rv, Miller; Dc, Sands; Ga, Strobel

doi:10.1094/pd-65-147

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The percentage of defoliation was determined for each treatment. Ophiostoma was reisolated from wood chips taken from trees using a sterile scalpel on OCM supplemented with chloramphenicol (30 mg/liter), streptomycin sulfate (100 mg/liter), and cycloheximide (100 mg/liter) (Brasier, 1981;Miller et al, 1981). Isolate and mutant identity were verified by phenotype and testing isolate and transformant for resistance to hygromycin.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Trials On Ulmus Americanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerato-ulmin, a Hydrophobin Secreted by the Causal Agents of Dutch Elm Disease, Is a Parasitic Fitness Factor

Temple

Horgen

Bernier

et al. 1997

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Section: Pathogenicity Trials On Ulmus Americanamentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerato-ulmin, a Hydrophobin Secreted by the Causal Agents of Dutch Elm Disease, Is a Parasitic Fitness Factor

Temple

Horgen

Bernier

et al. 1997

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…A small wedge of wood (25-30 mg) was removed with a razor blade. The wedge was cut into smaller pieces and placed on the C. ulmi selective medium of Miller et al (17). Wood wedges (25-30 mg) were also taken near the locations where the P. syringae strains had been injected.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transposon mutagenesis and tagging of fluorescent Pseudomonas : Antimycotic production is necessary for control of Dutch elm disease

Lam

Strobel

Harrison

et al. 1987

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Antimycotic-producing strains of Pseudomonas syringae are being tested as Dutch elm disease control agents. We examined the role of antimycotic production in disease control. Transposon Tn9O3 was used to mutagenize the antimycotic-producing strain MSU174. Eighty-one mutants that did not inhibit fungal growth were identified among 15,000 Tn903-containing derivatives. Linkages between Tn9O3 insertions and defects in antimycotic metabolism were established. Three Tn903-containing strains (two antimycotic producers and one nonproducer) were individually introduced into American elm seedlings. The seedlings were subsequently challenged with Ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease. Protection of the elms was observed with the two antimycoticproducing strains but not with the nonproducing strain. The introduced strains could be readily recovered from the seedlings after two growing seasons. They were unequivocally identified by the Tn9O3 insertions they contain.Dutch elm disease (DED) is one of the most destructive plant diseases known to man. The disease was first described in Europe immediately after World War I, and its cause was shown to be the fungal pathogen Ceratocystis ulmi [Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf.]. Since then it has spread across Europe and North America, killing millions of elm trees. The losses have been in the billions of dollars (1, 2).Current DED control efforts have centered primarily upon sanitation practices, insect eradication, and the use of systemic fungicides. Recently, however, Myers and Strobel suggested that the introduction of appropriate pseudomonads into an elm tree may confer DED tolerance to the tree (3). Certain fluorescent pseudomonads, including some Pseudomonas syringae strains, produce antimycotics that are inhibitory to C. ulmi (3)(4)(5)(6). Antagonism between bacteria and fungi was observed on agar media made with elm sap or elm wood extracts and in elm seedlings (3). Subsequent field experiments established the potential of fluorescent pseudomonads as biological control agents for DED. In particular, when trees were first inoculated with bacteria and then challenged with C. ulmi, they developed significantly fewer symptoms than those not pretreated with bacteria (4-6). An implicit assumption in these studies was that antimycotic production by the introduced Pseudomonas in the tree was an important factor in tree protection.We examined the role of antimycotic production by the P. syringae strain MSU174 in DED control. The strategy was to construct isogenic mutant strains of MSU174 that differ only in their ability to produce antimycotics and then to compare their effectiveness in tree-protection experiments. We have shown (7) that the recombinant plasmid pRK2013 (8), which contains the transposon Tn903 (9-11), could be used to carry out transposon mutagenesis in strain MSU174. In this report we describe (i) the isolation and genetic characterization of transposon mutants with altered antimycotic production and (ii) the use of such mutants in tree-pr...

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“…In diesem Experiment erwiesen sich drei der behandelten Baume als vollstandig geheilt, da es nicht moglich war, C. ulmi noch aus ihnen zu re-isolieren. (Die Gegenwart des Pilzes in allen Baumen war wahrend des Versuches unter Benutzung eines selektiven Mediums [6] und mit Hilfe des auf das Toxin gerichteten Immuntestes, ELISA, nachgewiesen worden.) Zur Zeit werden Hunderte von Baumen quer durch die USA mit Pseudomonas syrzngae behandelt.…”

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Neue Entwicklungen in der Erforschung des Ulmensterbens

Strobel

Matern

1982

Biologie in unserer Zeit

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Gary A. Strobe1 und Ulrich Matern Die Ulmenkrankheit ist eine der schlimmsten Pflanzenkrankheiten unseres Jahrhunderts. Durch sie wurden Millionen von Ulmen in Europa, Nordamerika und Asien vernichtet. Der finanzielle Schaden erreicht Milliardenhohe. Die englische Bezeichnung dutch elm disease ist ein Tribut an die Wissenschaftler in Holland, die als erste die Krankheit untersuchten (dutch = hollandisch). Ihr wichtigster Wirt in Europa ist die Feldulme, Ulmus carpinifolia bzw. U . minor und andere U1menarten, in Nordamerika die amerikanische Ulme, U. americana. Viele der asiatischen Ulmen, wie z.B. U . pamiflora und U. pumila, sind dagegen vergleichsweise resistent. Dina Spierenburg beschrieb 1919 diese Krankheit zunachst aus Holland. Bald darauf (1921) wurde sie auch in Deutschland beobachtet, und auch aus anderen europaischen Landern wurde berichtet, dai3 die Ulmen abzusterben begannen. 1930 erreichte die Krankheit schlieglich die USA [ 3 ] . Einige Wissenschaftler vermuteten zunachst einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ulmensterben in Europa und dem Giftgas, das wahrend des ersten Weltkrieges angewendet worden war. Andere sahen die Ursache in der Durre, die zu jener Zeit geherrscht hatte, oder sie Ilachten an die Beteiligung eines virulenten bakteriellen Erregers.

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Selective Medium forCeratocystis ulmi

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cerato-ulmin, a Hydrophobin Secreted by the Causal Agents of Dutch Elm Disease, Is a Parasitic Fitness Factor

Cerato-ulmin, a Hydrophobin Secreted by the Causal Agents of Dutch Elm Disease, Is a Parasitic Fitness Factor

Transposon mutagenesis and tagging of fluorescent Pseudomonas : Antimycotic production is necessary for control of Dutch elm disease

Neue Entwicklungen in der Erforschung des Ulmensterbens

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