Selective Laser Sintering of PA 2200 for Hip Implant Applications: Finite Element Analysis, Process Optimization, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization
Abstract:Polyamide 12 (PA 22000) is a well-known material and one of the most biocompatible materials tested and used to manufacture customized medical implants by selective laser sintering technology. To optimize the implants, several research activities were considered, starting with the design and manufacture of test samples made of PA 2200 by selective laser sintering (SLS) technology, with different processing parameters and part orientations. The obtained samples were subjected to compression tests and later to S… Show more
“…Păcurar et al [ 37 ] was engaged in the study of PA2200 material processed using LPBF technology, where the influence of the fracture surface related to the production parameters displayed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was demonstrated. The influence of the energy density on the porosity of a 3D product made of PA_2200 was also studied when the structure was monitored by SEM.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the study [ 37 ], they monitored the effect of laser power on the properties of PA2200 material; they also monitored the positive effect of paraxylene solution on surface quality.…”
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is becoming increasingly popular for prototype processing in industrial practice. Laser sintering, which is a laser powder bed fusion technique, is a versatile and common 3D printing technology, which enables compact and high-quality products. Polyamide 12, a popular 3D printing material, provides reliable mechanical and thermal properties. Weaknesses in applying this technology for polyamide 12 include incomplete information regarding the application of various types of additives and different printing orientations with respect to the properties. This study aimed to investigate the influence of various additives (including carbon fiber, glass fiber, flame retardant, and aluminum powder) combined with polyamide 12, using processing of predefined powder refreshing mixture on the properties of a finished product. The thermal, surface, and mechanical properties of samples printed with five different polyamides 12-based powders at three different print orientations were investigated. It was found that the inclusion of additives decreases the tensile strength and increases the surface roughness of printed components—however, the toughness increases. The results can assist designers in selecting an appropriate material that will produce a finished part with the required properties for a given application.
“…Păcurar et al [ 37 ] was engaged in the study of PA2200 material processed using LPBF technology, where the influence of the fracture surface related to the production parameters displayed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was demonstrated. The influence of the energy density on the porosity of a 3D product made of PA_2200 was also studied when the structure was monitored by SEM.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the study [ 37 ], they monitored the effect of laser power on the properties of PA2200 material; they also monitored the positive effect of paraxylene solution on surface quality.…”
3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is becoming increasingly popular for prototype processing in industrial practice. Laser sintering, which is a laser powder bed fusion technique, is a versatile and common 3D printing technology, which enables compact and high-quality products. Polyamide 12, a popular 3D printing material, provides reliable mechanical and thermal properties. Weaknesses in applying this technology for polyamide 12 include incomplete information regarding the application of various types of additives and different printing orientations with respect to the properties. This study aimed to investigate the influence of various additives (including carbon fiber, glass fiber, flame retardant, and aluminum powder) combined with polyamide 12, using processing of predefined powder refreshing mixture on the properties of a finished product. The thermal, surface, and mechanical properties of samples printed with five different polyamides 12-based powders at three different print orientations were investigated. It was found that the inclusion of additives decreases the tensile strength and increases the surface roughness of printed components—however, the toughness increases. The results can assist designers in selecting an appropriate material that will produce a finished part with the required properties for a given application.
“…Moreover, the selection criterion of the aforenamed techniques depend on the material properties and applications. 94 Pa˘curar et al 95 were made prosthetic acetabular liner using SLM process (Ø = 69 mm), as shown in Figure 16.…”
Section: Biomedical Importance Of Titanium Based Alloysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 16. Medical acetabular made up of Ti-6Al-4V by using SLM technique, reused with permission from Pa˘curar et al95 …”
Titanium and its alloys are belonging to the class of biomedical materials and have amazing characteristic features, including high corrosion protection, incredible wear resistance, superb hardness, and extraordinary bio-degradability and activity. Due to these remarkable qualities, titanium materials are considerably treated in medical applications like bone implantation, surgical devices and prosthesis, dental implants, and fracture bone fixation by screws, plates, nails and abutments. However, there is a property of titanium alloys that it holds layers of oxygen over the surface, but the atmospheric reactions/changes at extremely high temperature alter the morphology of the films, resulting in the loss of biological performance. In order to cover up this barrier, surface treatments are performed through different mechanical, chemical, and physical means. The treatments over the surface enhance the micro-features, improve the biocompatibility, and extend the life of coatings on titanium substrate. These modifications allow the various titanium alloys to be principally used in medical and dental applications. Considering the significance and applications of these alloys, this article is mainly conducted to scrutinize the various aspects, that is, biomedical applications and surface modification techniques, of titanium-based materials.
“…The authors wish to make the following correction to their paper [1]: Incorrect Title There is an error in the title. The correct title of the article is "Selective Laser Sintering of PA 2200 for Hip Implant Applications: Finite Element Analysis, Process Optimization, Morphological and Mechanical Characterization".…”
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