Selective laser melting of Ti–22Al–25Nb intermetallic: Significant effects of hatch distance on microstructural features and mechanical properties

Zhou, Yinghao; Li, W.P.; Zhang, L.; Zhou, Suyuan; Jia, Xiao; Wang, D.W.; Yan, Ming

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2019.116398

Cited by 52 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this study, samples with different properties were produced by varying the hatch distance. The relationship between hatch distance and relative density follows the results given by Zhou et al [6] and Huang [20]. According to them, an increase in the hatch distance away from the optimum value is always accompanied by an increase in porosity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…For very small hatch distances towards 0 mm, the relative density is expected to reduce again, as too much energy input overheats the process. This in turn leads to increasing defects, such as keyhole pores in the material [ 6 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, Krauss identified the hatch distance as a significant influencing factor regarding the density of additive manufactured components, as it influences the energy input as well as the distance between the heat-affected zones [ 5 ]. Zhou et al investigated the effects of the hatch distance on microstructural features and mechanical properties of Ti-22Al-25Nb [ 6 ]. The results indicated that increasing the hatch distance leads to variations in relative density and microstructure, such as grain refinement and decreased texture intensity [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhou et al investigated the effects of the hatch distance on microstructural features and mechanical properties of Ti-22Al-25Nb [ 6 ]. The results indicated that increasing the hatch distance leads to variations in relative density and microstructure, such as grain refinement and decreased texture intensity [ 6 ]. Finite element simulations have also shown that a larger hatch distance can lead to a higher temperature gradient and a smaller high-temperature range, which in turn is responsible for microstructural changes [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicated that increasing the hatch distance leads to variations in relative density and microstructure, such as grain refinement and decreased texture intensity [ 6 ]. Finite element simulations have also shown that a larger hatch distance can lead to a higher temperature gradient and a smaller high-temperature range, which in turn is responsible for microstructural changes [ 6 ]. Ali et al studied the effect of different parameter combinations on the porosity of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Opto-Thermal Investigation of Additively Manufactured Steel Samples as a Function of the Hatch Distance

Höfflin

Rosilius

Seitz

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Nowadays, additive manufacturing processes are becoming more and more appealing due to their production-oriented design guidelines, especially with regard to topology optimisation and minimal downstream production depth in contrast to conventional technologies. However, a scientific path in the areas of quality assurance, material and microstructural properties, intrinsic thermal permeability and dependent stress parameters inhibits enthusiasm for the potential degrees of freedom of the direct metal laser melting process (DMLS). Especially in quality assurance, post-processing destructive measuring methods are still predominantly necessary in order to evaluate the components adequately. The overall objective of these investigations is to gain process knowledge make reliable in situ statements about component quality and material properties based on the process parameters used and emission values measured. The knowledge will then be used to develop non-destructive tools for the quality management of additively manufactured components. To assess the effectiveness of the research design in relation to the objectives for further investigations, this pre-study evaluates the dependencies between the process parameters, process emission during manufacturing and resulting thermal diffusivity and the relative density of samples fabricated by DMLS. Therefore, the approach deals with additively built metal samples made on an EOS M290 apparatus with varying hatch distances while simultaneously detecting the process emission. Afterwards, the relative density of the samples is determined optically, and thermal diffusivity is measured using the laser flash method. As a result of this pre-study, all interactions of the within factors are presented. The process variable hatch distance indicates a strong influence on the resulting material properties, as an increase in the hatch distance from 0.11 mm to 1 mm leads to a drop in relative density of 57.4 %. The associated thermal diffusivity also reveals a sharp decrease from 5.3 mm2/s to 1.3 mm2/s with growing hatch distances. The variability of the material properties can also be observed in the measured process emissions. However, as various factors overlap in the thermal radiation signal, no clear assignment is possible within the scope of this work.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Opto-Thermal Investigation of Additively Manufactured Steel Samples as a Function of the Hatch Distance

Höfflin

Rosilius

Seitz

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

et al. 2022

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The correlations between process conditions, microstructure, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured components are not fully understood yet. In this contribution, three different hatch strategies are used to fabricate rod‐like samples from S316L stainless steel, which are further investigated using synchrotron diffraction, optical microscopy, and tensile tests. The results indicate the presence of ⟨110⟩ biaxial and fiber textures, whose sharpness depends on the applied hatch strategy. Mechanical tests reveal a strong correlation of the samples’ response to the observed anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the build direction. Even though the average yield and ultimate tensile strengths of around 475 and 500 MPa, respectively, do not differ significantly, the stress–strain behavior can be correlated with the observed in‐plane anisotropy. Particularly, twinning‐induced plasticity, a distinct increase of the work hardening rate at larger strains and elliptical necking are observed in some samples with biaxial (Goss) texture. These findings indicate that texture design by means of applying dedicated hatch strategies can be used to effectively tune the multiaxial deformation behavior of components produced by laser powder bed fusion.

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Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

Mosallanejad,

Abdi,

Karpasand

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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The restricted number of materials available for additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is a determining impediment to AM growing into sectors and providing supply chain relief. AM, in particular, is regarded as a trustworthy manufacturing technology to replace the traditional ones for Ti alloy components. Furthermore, the AM processability of Ti alloys and their features, such as microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties, is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of the processed alloy. It is essential to consider the ultimate applications as well. β Ti alloys are gaining popularity in the biomedical industry, while α + β Ti alloys are increasingly utilized for producing components in the automotive and aerospace sectors. Consequently, the topic has garnered considerable interest, and the current text reviews the advances during the last 10 years in this area to facilitate the pathway from the demanded Ti alloy to the best‐fit AM procedure. While systematically reviewing the works published in the literature, the current text attempts to establish a link between the production method, feedstock type, chemical composition, and the ultimate application. This review also features practical applications of Ti components produced by metal AM methods and offers prospective possibilities and industrial applications.

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Selective laser melting of Ti–22Al–25Nb intermetallic: Significant effects of hatch distance on microstructural features and mechanical properties

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Opto-Thermal Investigation of Additively Manufactured Steel Samples as a Function of the Hatch Distance

Opto-Thermal Investigation of Additively Manufactured Steel Samples as a Function of the Hatch Distance

Influence of Hatch Strategy on Crystallographic Texture Evolution, Mechanical Anisotropy of Laser Beam Powder Bed Fused S316L Steel

Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: Processability, Properties, and Applications

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