Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel 316L with Face-Centered-Cubic-Based Lattice Structures to Produce Rib Implants

Jiang, Cho‐Pei; Wibisono, Alvian Toto; Pasang, Timotius

doi:10.3390/ma14205962

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[ 32 ] This deformation behavior is similar to that of conventional BCC and FCC lattice structures fabricated by SLM using 316 L stainless steel powder. [ 33,34 ] Therefore, it can be speculated that the bending deformation mechanism dominates the compression process in HBC lattice structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Hexagonal‐Body‐Centered Lattice Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Ren,

Ran,

Nie

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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Inspired by the crystal lattice characteristics of hexagonal close‐packed and body‐centered cubic metals, a novel hexagonal body‐centered (HBC) lattice structure is constructed for energy absorption. HBC lattice structures with three different c/a ratios are prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) using 316L stainless steel powder. The geometric features and energy absorption performance of the fabricated HBC lattice structures with different c/a ratios are studied by scanning electron microscopy and quasi‐static compression tests, respectively. The results show that the HBC lattice structure prepared by SLM not only exhibits good formability, but also demonstrates excellent mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity. The c/a ratio significantly affects the mechanical properties and energy‐absorption performance of HBC lattice structures. The Young’s modulus, yield strength, and energy absorption increase as the c/a ratio decreases. Compared with other lattice structures, the HBC lattice structure exhibits better energy absorption at the same relative density, thus indicating the usefulness of the HBC lattice structure as a lightweight energy‐absorbing structure.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Hexagonal‐Body‐Centered Lattice Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Ren,

Ran,

Nie

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…By setting the ratio of strut radius to edge length (

as a variable, it was possible to control the relative densities of the unit cells ( Figure 3 ). The length of the unit cell cube edge (

) was designed to be 20 mm in consideration of previous study [ 18 ] and case studies related to the strength of the lattice structure [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. By using

as a design variable, it can be commonly applied when designing various types of unit cell morphologies and sizes, allowing for a common approach regardless of the specific morphology or dimensions of the unit cell [ 18 ].…”

Section: Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of Additive Manufactured Edgeless Simple Cubic Lattice Structures under Compression

Park

Roh

2023

Materials

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This study proposed an optimization framework and methodologies to design edgeless lattice structures featuring fillet and multipipe functions. Conventional lattice structures typically experience stress concentration at the sharp edges of strut joints, resulting in reduced mechanical performance and premature failure. The proposed approach aimed to improve the compression behavior of lattice structures by introducing edgeless features. Through finite element analysis, the optimized fillet edgeless simple cubic unit cell with a fillet radius to strut radius ratio of 0.753 showed a 12.1% improvement in yield stress and a 144% reduction in stress concentration. To validate the finite element analysis, experimental compressive tests were conducted, confirming that the introduction of edgeless functions improved the compressive strength of lattice structures manufactured through additive manufacturing. The optimized fillet edgeless simple cubic lattice structure exhibited the most effective improvement. This approach has promising potential for lattice structure applications.

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“…Metals with auxetic structures are produced by nonconventional manufacturing processes such as LPBF [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The structures with lattice form are a type of cellular structure that are formed by repeating a unit cell in 3D; their mechanical behavior can be optimized by altering the unit cell dimensions [ 36 , 37 ]. A recent review article presented comprehensive literature on the energy consumption and quality characteristics of AM processes [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wall Thickness Variation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel with Lattice Auxetic Structures

et al. 2023

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In the present study, the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of an additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel (SS) was investigated. The materials were fabricated in the form of a lattice auxetic structure with three different strut thicknesses, 0.6, 1, and 1.4 mm, by the laser powder bed fusion technique at a volumetric energy of 70 J·mm−3. The effect of H charging on the strength and ductility of the lattice structures was evaluated by conducting tensile testing of the H-charged specimens at a slow strain rate of 4 × 10−5 s−1. Hydrogen was introduced to the specimens via electrochemical charging in an NaOH aqueous solution for 24 h at 80 °C before the tensile testing. The microstructure evolution of the H-charged materials was studied using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. The study revealed that the auxetic structures of the AM 316L-SS exhibited a slight reduction in mechanical properties after H charging. The tensile strength was slightly decreased regardless of the thickness. However, the ductility was significantly reduced with increasing thickness. For instance, the strength and uniform elongation of the auxetic structure of the 0.6 mm thick strut were 340 MPa and 17.4% before H charging, and 320 MPa and 16.7% after H charging, respectively. The corresponding values of the counterpart’s 1.4 mm thick strut were 550 MPa and 29% before H charging, and 523 MPa and 23.9% after H charging, respectively. The fractography of the fracture surfaces showed the impact of H charging, as cleavage fracture was a striking feature in H-charged materials. Furthermore, the mechanical twins were enhanced during tensile straining of the H-charged high-thickness material.

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Selective Laser Melting of Stainless Steel 316L with Face-Centered-Cubic-Based Lattice Structures to Produce Rib Implants

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Hexagonal‐Body‐Centered Lattice Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Excellent Mechanical Properties and Energy Absorption of Hexagonal‐Body‐Centered Lattice Structure Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Design Optimization of Additive Manufactured Edgeless Simple Cubic Lattice Structures under Compression

Effects of Wall Thickness Variation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel with Lattice Auxetic Structures

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