Selective Laser Melting of High Relative Density and High Strength Parts Made of Minor Surface Oxidation Treated Pure Copper Powder

Yang, Peng; Guo, Xingye; He, Dingyong; Tan, Zhen; Shao, Wei; Fu, Hanguang

doi:10.3390/met11121883

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Jadhav et al used both a carbon nanoparticle coating [5] and oxidation of the powders [6] separately to reduce the reflectance of the Cu powders, which improved the processability in L-PBF, the former resulting in highest density of ~98% using a 725 W laser power and the latter in ~99% with a 500 W laser. Yang et al [18] also used an oxidation treatment of the Cu powder surface, which yielded printed parts with ~95% density using only 140 W laser power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder

Tidén

Taher²,

Vennström³

et al. 2023

Materials

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Additive manufacturing of Cu is interesting for many applications where high thermal and electric conductivity are required. A problem with printing of Cu with a laser-based process is the high reflectance of the powder for near-infrared wavelengths making it difficult to print components with a high density. In this study, we have investigated laser bed fusion (L-PBF) of Cu using graphene oxide (GO)-coated powder. The powder particles were coated in a simple wet-chemical process using electrostatic attractions between the GO and the powder surface. The coated powder exhibited a reduced reflectivity, which improved the printability and increased the densities from ~90% for uncoated powder to 99.8% using 0.1 wt% GO and a laser power of 500 W. The coated Cu powders showed a tendency for balling using laser powers below 400 W, and increasing the GO concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% showed an increase in spattering and reduced density. Graphene-like sheet structures could be observed in the printed parts using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Carbon-filled inclusions with sizes ranging from 10–200 nm could also be observed in the printed parts using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The GO treatment yielded parts with higher hardness (75.7 HV) and electrical conductivity (77.8% IACS) compared to the parts printed with reference Cu powder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder

Tidén

Taher²,

Vennström³

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…It is agreed that the SLM technology has signifcant popularity as a speedy prototyping technique with a delicate microstructure because of the high cooling rate which could lead to yielding a solidifcation process that is non-equilibrium. As a consequence, the process can produce special characteristics regarding aspects such as microstructures, chemical composition, phase, and mechanical properties [26]. Nevertheless, one of the recognized disadvantages of this process is the limitation of the sample size, which is related to the issue of elaborating the dimensions of chamber [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SiC Addition on Microhardness and Relative Density during Selective Laser Melting of 316L Stainless Steel

Hadi

Taha

2022

Journal of Engineering

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The utilization of 316L stainless steel has been very common in marine, automotive, architectural, and biomedical applications due to its adequate corrosion resistance to cracks after the completion of welding process. However, there has been ongoing attempts to investigate the potential enhancement in the strength and durability of 316L stainless steel by reinforcing it with silicon carbide (SiC). The present work adopts the selective laser melting (SLM) technique to fabricate SiC-reinforced 316L steel to boost its microhardness and strength properties. The methodology involved the addition of 1% wt. silicon carbide with particle sizes <40 μm to reinforce the stainless steel matrix. An SLM metal printing machine equipped with a continuous wave of 300 W fiber laser is employed to form the specimens. To measure the properties of the final product, EDX, XRD, FESEM, and universal tensile test machines have been used. The maximum value of 296 HV was obtained for a 1% volume of SiC compared to the 285 HV microhardness of pure stainless steel 316L. FESEM examination showed that the SiC microparticles were dissolved completely and they were randomly distributed in the melting basin. The samples were dissolved entirely, and the best porosity was obtained at 0.4% with influential parameters of 200 W laser power, 70 µm hatching distance, 30 µm layer thickness, and 700 mm/s velocities. The results also revealed that the microhardness at these parameters is the best compared to the samples produced with different values. The volumetric energy density was also considered. The findings can be informative to the researchers and manufacturers interested in 316L steel industry.

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“…Different strategies for processing copper materials, such as reducing the particle sizes used [65][66][67], coating of copper powder particles with native oxide layers [68,69], nickel [70] and carbon [71], the utilization of alternative laser wavelengths in the visible spectrum of green [72][73][74] and blue light [75] and pulsed laser systems [76], have been examined to improve the processability of copper alloys in laser additive manufacturing processes. Cu-Cr-based alloys have established themselves as high-strength and highly conductive with low alloy content and hardenable by the formation of Cr precipitation [77][78][79].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper–Chromium–Niobium Alloys

Wilms

Rittinghaus

2022

JMMP

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Copper is a key material for cooling of thermally stressed components in modern aerospace propulsion systems, due to its high thermal conductivity. The use of copper materials for such applications requires both high material strength and high stability at high temperatures, which can be achieved by the concept of oxide dispersion strengthening. In the present work, we demonstrate the oxide reinforcement of two highly conductive precipitation-strengthened Cu-Cr-Nb alloys using laser additive manufacturing. Gas-atomized Cu-3.3Cr-0.5Nb and Cu-3.3Cr-1.5Nb (wt.%) powder materials are decorated with Y2O3 nanoparticles by mechanical alloying in a planetary mill and followed by consolidation by the laser additive manufacturing process of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). While dense specimens (>99.5%) of reinforced and nonreinforced alloys can be manufactured, oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys additionally exhibit homogeneously distributed oxide nanoparticles enriched in yttrium and chromium next to Cr2Nb precipitates present in all alloys examined. Higher niobium contents result in moderate increase of the Vickers hardness of approx. 10 HV0.3, while the homogeneously dispersed nanometer-sized oxide particles lead to a pronounced increase of approx. 30 HV0.3 in material strength compared to their nonreinforced counterparts.

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Selective Laser Melting of High Relative Density and High Strength Parts Made of Minor Surface Oxidation Treated Pure Copper Powder

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder

Additive Manufacturing of Cu Using Graphene-Oxide-Treated Powder

Effect of SiC Addition on Microhardness and Relative Density during Selective Laser Melting of 316L Stainless Steel

Laser Additive Manufacturing of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Copper–Chromium–Niobium Alloys

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