Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: influence of heat treatment condition on mechanical properties and microstructure

Iturrioz, Amaia; Gil, E.; Petite, Mathieu; Garciandía, Fermín; Mancisidor, Ane Miren; Sebastián, María San

doi:10.1007/s40194-018-0592-8

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the laser powder fusion processes, the cellular or cellular-dendritic mode was not uncommon. This type of microstructure has been observed for different engineering alloys like austenitic steels, aluminum alloys Co-Cr, and nickel base alloys [5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] manufactured by laser or electron powder bed fusion methods. At the high solidification rates observed in the PBF processes, a solute-rich boundary layer is built up in front of the solid-liquid interface due to the limited solute atom diffusion in the liquid phase, thus approaching the conditions for constitutional supercooling [27].…”

Section: Influence Of Solidification Conditions On Microstructure Andmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Krakhmalev

Fredriksson

Svensson

et al. 2018

Metals

140

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This article overviews the scientific results of the microstructural features observed in 316 L stainless steel manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method obtained by the authors, and discusses the results with respect to the recently published literature. Microscopic features of the LPBF microstructure, i.e., epitaxial nucleation, cellular structure, microsegregation, porosity, competitive colony growth, and solidification texture, were experimentally studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and atom probe tomography. The influence of laser power and laser scanning speed on the microstructure was discussed in the perspective of governing the microstructure by controlling the process parameters. It was shown that the three-dimensional (3D) zig-zag solidification texture observed in the LPBF 316 L was related to the laser scanning strategy. The thermal stability of the microstructure was investigated under isothermal annealing conditions. It was shown that the cells formed at solidification started to disappear at about 800 • C, and that this process leads to a substantial decrease in hardness. Colony boundaries, nevertheless, were quite stable, and no significant grain growth was observed after heat treatment at 1050 • C. The observed experimental results are discussed with respect to the fundamental knowledge of the solidification processes, and compared with the existing literature data.

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Section: Influence Of Solidification Conditions On Microstructure Andmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Krakhmalev

Fredriksson

Svensson

et al. 2018

Metals

140

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“…Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered low waste, and economical for small specified production where it is a technique that could be comparable with the mold casting in the manufacturing of aluminum-made component for various applications and industries [1]. Among various aluminum alloys, cast AlSi10Mg alloy, a hypoeutectic alloy in the Al-Si-Mg system, is the most commonly employed aluminum alloy toward additive manufacturing [2][3][4][5]; this is presumably due to the ease of processing and short solidification range (i.e. ΔT = 40 K, see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and small-scale characterization of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy

Alghamdi

Haghshenas

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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Additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys is considered a promising layer-wise manufacturing method which can produce lightweight critical automotive/aerospace/military components with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. This paper aims at assessing the correlation between microstructure and small-scale characteristics of an additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy in the as-printed and heat treated conditions. Depth-sensing nanoindentation testing, as a non-destructive, robust, and convenient testing approach, along with microstructural assessments, using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, were employed to compare the nano-hardness of the printed (selective laser melting method) and the heat treated (age-hardening) materials. Considering the distance from the build plate, a gradation in the cooling rate, and therefore the microstructure, is expected which directly affect the nano-hardness gradient along the deposition direction. Results show a transition in the microstructure from cellular grains, with corallike silicon fiber colonies, to fragmented/spheroidized eutectic silicon particles upon the heat treatment. Unlike conventionally manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys, upon aging heat treatment in the additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy, the nano-hardness is decreased which is mainly contributed to stress relief, elimination of solid solution strengthening, and silicon spheroidization phenomena. These are considered in detail in the current paper.

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“…This coarsening is a result of the absence of the finely dispersed Si-particles along the α-Al boundaries, which agglomerated to enlarged Si particles and were preferably located at the heat affected zones in the material at as-built condition. Lowering the solution annealing temperature to slow down the coarsening process was reported to be detrimental regarding achievable material strength and hardness [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Treatments and Critical Quenching Rates in Additively Manufactured Al–Si–Mg Alloys

Hitzler¹,

Hafenstein²,

Martín

et al. 2020

Materials

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Laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) has significantly gained in importance and has become one of the major fabrication techniques within metal additive manufacturing. The fast cooling rates achieved in LPBF due to a relatively small melt pool on a much larger component or substrate, acting as heat sink, result in fine-grained microstructures and high oversaturation of alloying elements in the α-aluminum. Al–Si–Mg alloys thus can be effectively precipitation hardened. Moreover, the solidified material undergoes an intrinsic heat treatment, whilst the layers above are irradiated and the elevated temperature in the built chamber starts the clustering process of alloying elements directly after a scan track is fabricated. These silicon–magnesium clusters were observed with atom probe tomography in as-built samples. Similar beneficial clustering behavior at higher temperatures is known from the direct-aging approach in cast samples, whereby the artificial aging is performed immediately after solution annealing and quenching. Transferring this approach to LPBF samples as a possible post-heat treatment revealed that even after direct aging, the outstanding hardness of the as-built condition could, at best, be met, but for most instances it was significantly lower. Our investigations showed that LPBF Al–Si–Mg exhibited a high dependency on the quenching rate, which is significantly more pronounced than in cast reference samples, requiring two to three times higher quenching rate after solution annealing to yield similar hardness results. This suggests that due to the finer microstructure and the shorter diffusion path in Al–Si–Mg fabricated by LPBF, it is more challenging to achieve a metastable oversaturation necessary for precipitation hardening. This may be especially problematic in larger components.

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Selective laser melting of AlSi10Mg alloy: influence of heat treatment condition on mechanical properties and microstructure

Cited by 85 publications

References 18 publications

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Microstructural and small-scale characterization of additive manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy

Heat Treatments and Critical Quenching Rates in Additively Manufactured Al–Si–Mg Alloys

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