Selective Laser Melting and Remelting of Pure Tungsten

Xiong, Zhimin; Zhang, Panpan; Tan, Chaolin; Dong, Dongdong; Ma, Wanbiao; Yu, Kun

doi:10.1002/adem.201901352

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A scanning strategy was used in which the scanning lines, in relation to the previous layer, are rotated by an angle of 67 ° in order to reduce the emerging thermal stresses [16]. A single layer of material with a thickness of 20 μm was remelted more than once in order to increase the energy supplied and heal any cracks [17]. Heat treatment was carried out for the selected set of laser power parameters, laser speed (linear energy density components), distances between scan lines and layer thickness.…”

Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of direct metal laser sintering DMLS and heat treatment influence on the Inconel 713C nickel alloy structure

2021

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The group of nickel based superalloys produced in the DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) process is limited to materials, which produced conventionally do not have properties to allow to use them for rotating components of aircraft engines. This work attempts to optimize the technological parameters of the DMLS process for the Inconel 713C nickel superalloy. A heat treatment was performed for selected samples to investigate the effect on the morphology of the Ni3Al phase. The microstructure analysis and hardness tests were carried out. The material after the DMLS process was characterized by the presence of much smaller dendrites than the cast material and exceeded its hardness. For the tested variants of heat treatment, the material was characterized by smaller sizes of the Ni3Al phase. In order to ensure the stability of the microstructure, an optimization of the dedicated heat treatment after the DMLS process is required, as the standard heat treatment for Inconel 713C cast nickel superalloy does not fully recrystallize the material.

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Section: Materials and Research Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of direct metal laser sintering DMLS and heat treatment influence on the Inconel 713C nickel alloy structure

2021

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“…Cu and Ag are difficult to laser process due to their highly reflective and thermally conductive properties [40,42,57,58]. The high melt point of W also adds to the challenges for SLM [59,60]. However, although difficult to laser process all three materials have been successfully processed with varying success [41,61,62] with Cu seeing significant interest for various applications [ 63 65].…”

Section: Additive Manufacturing Copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-w-ag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lp ranged between minima and maxima of 320 and 370 W which is near the limits of the EOS PBF system utilised in this study. These parameters were selected based on existing literature [31,41] on reflective and thermally conductive materials while considering the high melt temperature of tungsten [59,77].…”

Section: Response Surface Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive manufacturing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Copper-Tungsten-Silver alloy

Robinson

Arjunan

Baroutaji

et al. 2021

RPJ

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Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for antiviral materials that can reduce airborne and surface-based virus transmission. This study aims to propose the use of additive manufacturing (AM) and surrogate modelling for the rapid development and deployment of novel copper-tungsten-silver (Cu-W-Ag) microporous architecture that shows strong antiviral behaviour against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Design/methodology/approach The research combines selective laser melting (SLM), in-situ alloying and surrogate modelling to conceive the antiviral Cu-W-Ag architecture. The approach is shown to be suitable for redistributed manufacturing by representing the pore morphology through a surrogate model that parametrically manipulates the SLM process parameters: hatch distance (h_d), scan speed (S_s) and laser power (L_p). The method drastically simplifies the three-dimensional (3D) printing of microporous materials by requiring only global geometrical dimensions solving current bottlenecks associated with high computed aided design data transfer required for the AM of porous materials. Findings The surrogate model developed in this study achieved an optimum parametric combination that resulted in microporous Cu-W-Ag with average pore sizes of 80 µm. Subsequent antiviral evaluation of the optimum architecture showed 100% viral inactivation within 5 h against a biosafe enveloped ribonucleic acid viral model of SARS-CoV-2. Research limitations/implications The Cu-W-Ag architecture is suitable for redistributed manufacturing and can help reduce surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further optimisation may improve the virus inactivation time. Practical implications The study was extended to demonstrate an open-source 3D printed Cu-W-Ag antiviral mask filter prototype. Social implications The evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic brings new and unpredictable challenges where redistributed manufacturing of 3D printed antiviral materials can achieve rapid solutions. Originality/value The papers present for the first time a methodology to digitally conceive and print-on-demand a novel Cu-W-Ag alloy that shows high antiviral behaviour against SARS-CoV-2.

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“…Wen et al [ 15 ] analyzed the effect of scanning speed on the surface morphology, densification, and microstructure of the tungsten of LPBF and manufactured tungsten samples with a relative density of 98.71%. Xiong et al [ 16 ] prepared pure tungsten samples with a relative density of 98.1% by optimizing the laser power and scanning speed. Meanwhile, Tan et al [ 17 ] investigated the effect of different linear energy densities (the ratio of laser power to scan speed) on relative density and obtained tungsten samples with a relative density of 98.5%, without discussing the role of a single factor in the LPBF process of tungsten.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Pure Tungsten: Effects of Process Parameters on Morphology, Densification, Microstructure

Zhou

et al. 2020

Materials

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Tungsten has been widely used in many industrial fields due to its excellent properties. However, owing to its characteristics of inherent brittleness at room temperature and high melting point, it is difficult to prepare tungsten parts with high complexity via traditional methods. In the present work, tungsten samples were prepared by laser powder bed fusion. The influence of each process parameter including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the surface morphology, densification, and microstructure of tungsten samples was systematically investigated. The results showed that the use of the appropriate parameters, especially high laser power, can effectively improve the surface quality and obtain a dense surface. The tungsten samples with a relative density of 98.31% were obtained with optimized parameter combinations: a laser power of 300 W, scanning speed of 400 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 0.08 mm. Compared with scanning speed and hatch spacing, the laser power had a more obvious influence on the relative density. Additionally, for the grain morphology by microstructure inspection, elongated curved grains gradually transformed into fine straight columnar grains as the scanning speed increased. The hatch spacing would change the grain morphology slightly but had no significant effect on the grain size.

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Selective Laser Melting and Remelting of Pure Tungsten

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

Analysis of direct metal laser sintering DMLS and heat treatment influence on the Inconel 713C nickel alloy structure

Analysis of direct metal laser sintering DMLS and heat treatment influence on the Inconel 713C nickel alloy structure

Additive manufacturing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Copper-Tungsten-Silver alloy

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Pure Tungsten: Effects of Process Parameters on Morphology, Densification, Microstructure

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