Selective ion transport for a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) in nano-crack regulated proton exchange membranes

Wang, Tongshuai; Moon, Sun Ju; Hwang, Doo Sung; Park, Hyun Jin; Lee, Jannice; Kim, Seungju; Lee, Young Moo; Kim, Sangil

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.017

Cited by 51 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently,anano-crack layer was coated on as ubstrate via hydrophobic atmospheric plasma treatment and functioned as an ion-selective layer (Figure 12 e). [121] The hydrophobicity of the layer hindered vanadium crossover, while the nano-cracks allowed protons to pass through. As ar esult, the ion selectivity of the modified membrane was improved compared with the neat substrate.…”

Section: Emerging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2021

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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are among the most promising grid‐scale energy storage technologies. However, the development of RFBs with high round‐trip efficiency, high rate capability, and long cycle life for practical applications is highly restricted by the lack of appropriate ion‐conducting membranes. Promising RFB membranes should separate positive and negative species completely and conduct balancing ions smoothly. Specific systems must meet additional requirements, such as high chemical stability in corrosive electrolytes, good resistance to organic solvents in nonaqueous systems, and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. These rigorous requirements put high demands on the membrane design, essentially the chemistry and microstructure associated with ion transport channels. In this Review, we summarize the design rationale of recently reported RFB membranes at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new chemistry, novel microstructures, and innovative fabrication strategies. Future challenges and potential research opportunities within this field are also discussed.

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Section: Emerging Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…with permissionf rom Elsevier.e)Schematic representation of the nano-crack surface layer and the ion-selective mechanism. Reproducedfrom ref [121]. with permission from Elsevier.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

et al. 2021

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“…Since CE is known as an indicator of crossover, this low CE indicates that the excessive crossover occurs during the cycle of ARFB, and the crossover affects other parameters determining the performance of ARFB, such as capacity and EE. [31][32][33][34][35][36] To further evaluate the cause of the rapid drop in capacity and EE of ARFBs that are related to their low CE, CV curves of active materials were measured and compared before and after the ARFB test. As shown in Figure 5C, I À ions that should be only included in catholyte were observed even in anolyte including AQDS, and this indicates that the I À ions are permeated from catholyte to anolyte.…”

Section: Asymmetric Arfbs Using Hi and Aqds As Redox Couplementioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

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Lee

Kwon

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Iodide and triiodide ions (I− and I3− ions) are interesting active redox materials for aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) due to high solubility in various supporting electrolytes. However, under alkaline and neutral electrolytes, the redox reaction of I− and I3− ions is unstable due to undesirable potassium iodate produced during the reaction, whereas the reaction is stably operated under an acidic electrolyte state. As a redox couple, anthraquinone‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (AQDS) is considered due to excellent stability and high solubility, and perchloric acid is determined as an electrolyte because this suppresses another undesirable water‐splitting reaction. For providing abundant I− and I3− ions, hydroiodic acid (HI) is used because hydrogen ions contained in HI can act as a proton donor, increasing the conductivity in the solution leading to better kinetics of the redox reaction of I− and I3−. When asymmetric ARFB using this redox couple is operated, gradual decay in both capacity and efficiencies is observed. This is due to the crossover of I− ions to the AQDS side. To overcome the problem, symmetric ARFB using the mixture of HI and AQDS in both electrolytes is adopted, and with that, the crossover issue is solved because the ionic balance of electrolyte is well maintained by the use of symmetric electrolyte, while its energy efficiency and discharging capacity are excellent as 67.6% and 26.6 Ah L−1, respectively, with capacity retention of 99.99% for 100 cycles.

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“…The use of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment for the enhancement of performance of various components of VRFBs has been reported in recent years [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Lin et al [ 27 ] reported the performance enhancement of a VRFB by APPJ treatment of a carbon felt (CF) electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Graphite Felt Electrodes Treated by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets for an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

et al. 2021

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In an all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), redox reaction occurs on the fiber surface of the graphite felts. Therefore, the VRFB performance highly depends on the characteristics of the graphite felts. Although atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs) have been applied for surface modification of graphite felt electrode in VRFBs for the enhancement of electrochemical reactivity, the influence of APPJ plasma reactivity and working temperature (by changing the flow rate) on the VRFB performance is still unknown. In this work, the performance of the graphite felts with different APPJ plasma reactivity and working temperatures, changed by varying the flow rates (the conditions are denoted as APPJ temperatures hereafter), was analyzed and compared with those treated with sulfuric acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the APPJ treatment led to an increase in O-/N-containing functional groups on the GF surface to ~21.0% as compared to ~15.0% for untreated GF and 18.0% for H2SO4-treated GF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the surface morphology of graphite felt electrodes was still smooth, and no visible changes were detected after oxidation in the sulfuric acid or after APPJ treatment. The polarization measurements indicated that the APPJ treatment increased the limiting current densities from 0.56 A·cm−2 for the GFs treated by H2SO4 to 0.64, 0.68, and 0.64 A·cm−2, respectively, for the GFs APPJ-treated at 450, 550, and 650 °C, as well as reduced the activation overpotential when compared with the H2SO4-treated electrode. The electrochemical charge/discharge measurements showed that the APPJ treatment temperature of 550 °C gave the highest energy efficiency of 83.5% as compared to 72.0% with the H2SO4 treatment.

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Selective ion transport for a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) in nano-crack regulated proton exchange membranes

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries

Symmetric aqueous redox flow battery using hydroiodic acid and anthraquinone‐2, 7‐disulfonic acid as redox couple

Characteristics of Graphite Felt Electrodes Treated by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jets for an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

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