Selective impairment of the retrieval of people's names: a case of category-specificity

Harris, Dale M.

doi:10.1093/neucas/2.3.235-f

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…This account unequivocally predicts that the names of familiar persons should be damaged independently from other proper names. Cases like APA support this possibility (see also Carney & Temple, 1993;Cohen et al, 1994;Fery et al, 1995;Harris & Kay, 1995b;Hittmair-Delazer et al, 1994;Lucchelli & De Renzi, 1992;Lucchelli et al, 1997;Semenza & Zettin, 1994;Verstichel et al, 1996) 10 . Why selective impairments should occur with other proper names is less clear.…”

Section: Selective Damage To Conspecifics Knowledge Within the Domainmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In some subjects (e.g., Cipolotti, McNeil, & Warrington, 1993;Semenza & Zettin, 1988, 1989 people's names and geographic names were similarly affected. In others, poor performance was restricted to people's names (Carney & Temple, 1993;Cohen et al, 1994;Fery et al, 1995;Harris & Kay, 1995b;Hittmair-Delazer et al, 1994;Lucchelli & De Renzi, 1992;Semenza & Zettin, 1994), and in one case to just contemporary people's names (Lucchelli, Muggia, & Spinnler, 1997). Selective damage to geographic names was also reported (Incisa della Rocchetta, Cipolotti, & Warrington, 1998).…”

Section: The Scope Of Apa's Difficulty With Proper Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects reported to suffer from selective anomia for proper names as a consequence of brain damage typically present with an essentially spared (sometimes fully normal) ability to produce common names, in the face of a disproportionate difficulty producing proper names. In some subjects, the deficit involves all proper names (e.g., Harris & Kay, 1995a, 1995bPapagno & Capitani, 1996;Semenza & Zettin, 1988, 1989, whereas in others it is restricted to the names of famous people (e.g., Carney & Temple, 1993;Cohen, Bolgert, Timsit, & Chermann, 1994;Fery, Vincent, & Brédart, 1995;Hittmair-Delazer, Denes, Semenza, & Mantovan, 1994;Lucchelli & De Renzi, 1992;McKenna & Warrington, 1980). In the light of these reports, proper names must be considered as a semantic category prone to selective impairment as a consequence of brain damage, just like animals and inanimate objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Deficit for People’s Names Following Left Temporal Damage: An Impairment of Domain-Specific Conceptual Knowledge

Miceli

Capasso

Daniele

et al. 2000

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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As a consequence of a head trauma, APA presented with selective anomia for the names of familiar people, in the absence of comparable disorders for common names and other proper names. Face recognition was normal; and naming performance was unaffected by stimulus and response types. Selective proper name anomia was not due to effects of frequency of usage or of age of acquisition, or to selective memory/learning deficits for the names of people. Even though APA was able to provide at least some information on many celebrities whom she failed to name, she was clearly impaired in all tasks that required full conceptual information on the same people (but she performed flawlessly in similar tasks that involved common names). This pattern of performance indicates that in our subject the inability to name familiar persons results from damage to conceptual information. It is argued that detailed analyses of conceptual knowledge are necessary before it is concluded that a subject with proper name anomia suffers from a purely output disorder, as opposed to a conceptual disorder. The behaviour observed in APA is consistent with the domain-specific hypothesis of conceptual organisation (Caramazza & Shelton, 1998), and in this framework can be explained by assuming selective damage to knowledge of conspecifics. The anatomo-clinical correlates of our subject's disorder are discussed with reference to recent hypotheses on the neural structures representing knowledge of familiar people.

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Section: Selective Damage To Conspecifics Knowledge Within the Domainmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Scope Of Apa's Difficulty With Proper Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Selective Deficit for People’s Names Following Left Temporal Damage: An Impairment of Domain-Specific Conceptual Knowledge

Miceli

Capasso

Daniele

et al. 2000

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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“…However, when we calculated names manually from amongst the 1000 most frequent words, we found 11 names for places (e.g., London, Europe and Africa) and three first names (John, Peter and Michael). Again, only a handful of published treatment studies have focused on proper names (e.g., Robson, Marshall, Pring, Montagu, & Chiat, 2004;Semenza & Sgaramella, 1993) despite the fact that some people with aphasia have special problems with proper names (e.g., Harris & Kay, 1995;Semenza, Zettin, & Borgo, 1998). In addition, according to our clinical experience, many people with aphasia want to improve their ability to produce people's names in particular.…”

Section: Vocabulary Selection Using Objective Frequency Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionally relevant items in the treatment of aphasia (part I): Challenges for current practice

2013

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Background: Aphasiologists are motivated to select "functional", "relevant" and "useful" items for use in therapy; yet the field lacks discussion on what is meant by these terms and how to identify such items. Aims: The purpose of this article is to review the meaning of "functionally relevant" in the aphasia treatment literature and to specify challenges in identifying potentially relevant items for therapy.Main Contribution: This article shows that aphasiologists lack clear definitions, strategies and concrete tools to assist with identification of functionally relevant items for language therapy. Two main categories of functional vocabulary are defined-personally chosen vocabulary and generally frequent vocabulary. The review of the existing aphasia literature demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches. Two critical points are raised related to selection of therapy items using data from language corpora. Firstly, it is paradoxical that aphasiologists often try to target the most common vocabulary in therapy but that language corpora have not been used to determine the identity of the most frequent words. Secondly, the analyses of the language corpora show that the most frequent spoken words represent a wide variety of word classes, such as adjectives, adverbs and pronouns. Yet, only a few treatment studies have targeted words other than concrete nouns and verbs. Conclusions: There is a need to use objective sources to identify and choose treatment targets. In addition, more therapy attempts should be directed to words other than the most concrete nouns and verbs. Use of frequency-based lists provides one way to identify and increase the number of items that are potentially relevant across people. Frequency-based vocabulary lists can also be used as a tool when asking people with aphasia or their significant others to identify items that they personally think should be targeted in therapy. Without creating and publishing common tools for this purpose, change in practice is difficult.

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“…It has also been found that finer distinctions can be made with regard to naming impairments, which can be limited to a rather specific semantic category (e.g., people's names, living things, tools, geographical names, etc.) (e.g., Goodglass, Wingfield, Hyde, & Theurkauf, 1986;Harris & Kay, 1995;Lyons, Hanley, & Kay, 2002;Warrington & Shallice, 1984), and even as specific as ''medical terms'' (Crosson, Moberg, Boone, Rothi & Raymer, 1997). A brain ''mapping'' of the memory organisation of different semantic categories can be supposed.…”

Section: Wernicke-type Aphasiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Aristotle's functional association psychology. The syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axes in the neurolinguistics of Roman Jakobson and Alexander Luria: An anatomical and functional quagmire

Buckingham

2010

Aphasiology

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Background: Different classifications of aphasic disorders have been proposed over the years. During recent decades new approaches to aphasia study have been developed, suggesting that current aphasia classifications can and should be reconsidered. Aims: The purpose of this paper is to attempt to integrate contemporary knowledge about brain organisation of language and to propose a new aphasia classification. Main Contribution: It is emphasised that there are two fundamental forms of aphasia, which are linked to impairments in the lexical/semantic and grammatical systems of language (Wernicke-type aphasia and Broca-type aphasia, respectively). Grammar correlates with the ability to represent actions (verbs) and depends on what is known as Broca's area and its related brain circuits, but it is also related to the ability to quickly carry out the sequencing of articulatory movements required for speaking (speech praxis). Lexical/semantic and grammatical systems not only depend on different brain circuitries, but also on different types of memory and learning (declarative and procedural). Other aphasic syndromes do not really impair language knowledge per se, but rather peripheral mechanisms required to produce language (conduction aphasia and aphasia of the supplementary motor area), or the executive control of the language (extra-Sylvian or transcortical motor aphasia). Conclusions: A new classification of aphasic syndromes is proposed: primary (or ''central'') aphasias (Wernicke's aphasia-three subtypes-and Broca aphasia); secondary (or ''peripheral'') aphasias (conduction aphasia and supplementary motor area aphasia); and dysexecutive aphasia (extra-Sylvian-transcortical-motor aphasia), are distinguished.Over 20 different aphasia classifications have been proposed since Broca's first report (Broca, 1863). Table 1 presents the main aphasia classification proposals presented in recent decades. However, two points should be emphasised: (1) some of these classifications have played a guiding role in clinical practice and language research; and (2) differences are frequently observed in the names used, not in the clinical characterisation of the aphasia syndromes.

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Selective impairment of the retrieval of people's names: a case of category-specificity

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Selective Deficit for People’s Names Following Left Temporal Damage: An Impairment of Domain-Specific Conceptual Knowledge

Selective Deficit for People’s Names Following Left Temporal Damage: An Impairment of Domain-Specific Conceptual Knowledge

Functionally relevant items in the treatment of aphasia (part I): Challenges for current practice

Aristotle's functional association psychology. The syntagmatic and the paradigmatic axes in the neurolinguistics of Roman Jakobson and Alexander Luria: An anatomical and functional quagmire

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