Selective IgA Deficiency May Be an Underrecognized Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19

Ameratunga, Rohan; Leung, Euphemia; Woon, See‐Tarn; Lea, Edward; Allan, Caroline; Chan, Lydia; Steele, Richard; Lehnert, Klaus; Longhurst, Hilary

doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.10.002

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…NOD-like, C-type lectin like, and Toll-like receptors are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), playing crucial roles in recognition of pathogens and induction of the immune response [ 64 ]. These observations might be associated with higher viral infection rates or its more severe course, as was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 65 ]. This phenomenon might be associated with the exposition of SIgAD patients to higher viral loads, due to the lack of protective IgA levels in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in heavy inoculation [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations might be associated with higher viral infection rates or its more severe course, as was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic [ 65 ]. This phenomenon might be associated with the exposition of SIgAD patients to higher viral loads, due to the lack of protective IgA levels in the upper respiratory tract, resulting in heavy inoculation [ 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Rutkowska-Zapała,

Grabowska-Gurgul,

Lenart

et al. 2024

Cells

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Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common form and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most symptomatic form of predominant antibody deficiency. Despite differences in the clinical picture, a similar genetic background is suggested. A common feature of both disorders is the occurrence of autoimmune conditions. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the major immune cell type that maintains autoimmune tolerance. As the different types of abnormalities of Treg cells have been associated with autoimmune disorders in primary immunodeficiency (PID) patients, in our study we aimed to analyze the gene expression profiles of Treg cells in CVID and SIgAD patients compared to age-matched healthy controls. The transcriptome-wide gene profiling was performed by microarray technology. As a result, we analyzed and visualized gene expression patterns of isolated population of Treg cells. We showed the differences at the gene level between patients with and without autoimmunizations. Our findings suggest that the gene signatures of Treg cells isolated from SIgAD and CVID patients differ from age-matched healthy controls and from each other, presenting transcriptional profiles enriched in innate immune or Th response, respectively. The occurrence of autoimmunity in both types of PID is associated with down-regulation of class I IFNs signaling pathways. In summary, our findings improve our understanding of Treg dysfunctions in patients with common PIDs and associated autoimmunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Rutkowska-Zapała,

Grabowska-Gurgul,

Lenart

et al. 2024

Cells

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“… 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 The importance of mucosal secretory IgA (sIgA) in pathogen-specific responses against respiratory viral infections has long been appreciated for influenza viruses, 65 , 71 RSV, 72 , 73 and more recently SARS-CoV-2. 74 , 75 …”

Section: Natural Infections With Mucosal Respiratory Viruses May Not ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses

Morens

Taubenberger

Fauci

2023

Cell Host & Microbe

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“…Secretory IgA is the most abundant and more cross-protective than other immunoglobulin classes [51], can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotox-icity [52], and has both immune-stimulating [53] and anti-inflammatory properties [54]. Several reports already show the importance of sIgA in immune responses and outcomes for RSV [55], influenza [51], and SARS-CoV-2 [56].…”

Section: Mucosal Humoral Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens

Dotiwala,

Upadhyay

2023

Vaccines

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Inducing humoral and cytotoxic mucosal immunity at the sites of pathogen entry has the potential to prevent the infection from getting established. This is different from systemic vaccination, which protects against the development of systemic symptoms. The field of mucosal vaccination has seen fewer technological advances compared to nucleic acid and subunit vaccine advances for injectable vaccine platforms. The advent of the next-generation adenoviral vectors has given a boost to mucosal vaccine research. Basic research into the mechanisms regulating innate and adaptive mucosal immunity and the discovery of effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvants will continue to improve mucosal vaccine design. The results from clinical trials of inhaled COVID-19 vaccines demonstrate their ability to induce the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and the production of secreted IgA and IgG antibodies locally, unlike intramuscular vaccinations. However, these mucosal vaccines induce systemic immune responses at par with systemic vaccinations. This review summarizes the function of the respiratory mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and the advantages that the adenoviral vectors provide as inhaled vaccine platforms.

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Selective IgA Deficiency May Be an Underrecognized Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19

Cited by 6 publications

References 74 publications

Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Gene Signature of Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Children with Selective IgA Deficiency and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Rethinking next-generation vaccines for coronaviruses, influenzaviruses, and other respiratory viruses

Next Generation Mucosal Vaccine Strategy for Respiratory Pathogens

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