“…The interaction between mangroves and their herbivores is an ecological process that also drives evolutionary changes of organic compounds that play a role in plant defense and the corresponding adaptations to these toxins by its consumers (Cannicci et al, 2008; Feller et al, 2007; Herrera et al, 2007; Kandil et al, 2004; Lacerda et al, 1986; Robertson, 1991; Silva et al, 2017; Tong et al, 2006). The consequences of herbivory between the interacting species in mangrove ecosystems have been explored in natural systems (Duke, 2002; Feller et al, 2013; Lee, 1999; Menezes & Piexoto, 2009) and under laboratory conditions (Elster et al, 1999; Menezes & Piexoto, 2009; Miranda et al, 2017). Implications at individual, population, and community levels influence abundance, phenotypic traits, and genotypes of interacting species (Cannicci et al, 2008; Erickson et al, 2012; Feller, 2002; Feller & Chamberlain, 2007; Lee, 1999; Offenberg et al, 2004; Santos et al, 2013; Sato, 2018; Silva et al, 2017).…”