Selective Flotation-Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Copper(II) in Natural Waters, Human Blood and Drug Samples Using Phenanthraquinone Monophenylthiosemicarbazone.

Abstract

Copper(II) forms 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 intense red complexes with phenanthraquinone monophenylthiosemicarbazone (PPT) at pH 3-3.5 and Ն6.5, respectively. These complexes exhibit maximal absorbance at 545 and 517 nm, the molar absorptivity being 2.3؋10 4 and 4.8؋10 4 l mol ؊1 cm ؊1 , respectively. However, the 1 : 1 complex was quantitatively floated with oleic acid (HOL) surfactant in the pH range 4.5-5.5, providing a highly selective and sensitive procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of Cu II . The molar absorptivity of the floated Cu-PPT complex was 1.5؋10 5 l mol ؊1 cm ؊1 . Beer's law was obeyed over the range 3-400 ppb at 545 nm. The analytical parameters affecting the flotation process and hence the determination of copper traces were reported. Also, the structure of the isolated solid complex and the mechanism of flotation were suggested. Moreover, the procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of Cu II in natural waters, serum blood and some drug samples.

A New Selective Chromogenic Reagent for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Thallium(I) and (III) and Its Separation Using Flotation and the Solid-Phase Extraction on Polyurethane Foam

“…17 A flotation technique is recommended as an effective and less-expensive separation and preconcentration tool with most of the advancing factors. [18][19][20][21][22] It involves the removal of surface inactive ions from an aqueous solution with the aid of air bubbles using three modes: adsorptive flotation, precipitation flotation or adsorbing-particle flotation. 22 A process based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) has received more acceptance due to a number of possible advantages, including the availability and easy recovery of the solid phase, the attainability of a large preconcentration factor and a facility for separation.…”

Ion Flotation of Copper(II) and Lead(II) from Environmental Water Samples

“…contain heavy metals, which are of great environmental concern and must be removed prior to water discharge or water recycling. Copper has received considerable attention owing to its uses in metallurgy, chemical industries and is necessary for other many biological important functions (Freematle, 1989;Khalifa et al, 2001). When levels of Cu exceed certain values, however, defense mechanisms to protect against excess Cu are overcome and toxicity results.…”

“…The reported list of toxic Cu species (Sorenson, 1991) often includes Cu(OH) + , Cu 2 (OH) 2 2+ and CuCO 3 . However, without doubt, Cu 2+ ions that are present in various aqueous solutions (their presence is a function of pH) are considered to be the most toxic of dissolved copper species (Freematle, 1989;Khalifa et al, 2001;Sorenson, 1991). Excess copper in water is not only harmful to human beings, but also interferes with the self-purification of bulk water (Ghazy et al, 2006) and adverse effect on the microbiological treatment of wastewater .…”

Separation via Flotation, Spectrophotometric Speciation, and Determination of Vanadium(IV) in Wastes of Power Stations

“…[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Consequently, such a process enabled and facilitated the spectrophotometric determination of the analyte.…”

“…On the other hand, methods for the separation and preconcentration of metals by flotation, followed by their spectrophotometric determination, have increased in popularity in recent years. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A literature survey showed that ion-flotation followed by spectrophotometric determination of V(IV) is rarely reported. 19 Also, no attempt has been found for using 1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazone (HMBPT) in this concern.…”