Selective Flocculation Enhanced Magnetic Separation of Ultrafine Disseminated Magnetite Ores

Wu, Kai; Chen, Tiejun; Zhang, Yimin; Hu, Peilei

doi:10.3390/min6030086

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Within the pharmaceutical trade, the PS and PSD of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are affected during the suspension phase thus having an implication on the stability and sustainability of the compound. The direct repercussion of PS and PSD are observed in the behavior characteristics of these fine particles and they include bioavailability (represented by f) of the compound, toxicity as well as the dissolution rate [5]. The PSDs of both drug substances and excipients can affect drug product manufacturability (e.g., flow ability, blend uniformity, compatibility, etc.…”

Section: Direct Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flocculation: Simple magnetic separation for ultrafine disseminated lean elements has resulted in low performance, as the fine sizes and aggregation of ground mineral particles have caused inefficient recovery of the ultrafine or fine particles [5]. For example, a common technique for dispersing the drug in a liquid vehicle prior to laser diffraction analysis is to agitate a suspension of the particles in an ultrasonic cleaning bath.…”

Section: The Operational Integrity Of a Fine Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Direct and Indirect Methods of Fine Particle Characterization

Yl¹,

R²,

Hf³

2018

J Pharm Anal Insights

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This review includes the most recent advances in fine particle characterization based on direct and indirect methods. Fine particles characterized with the size of 2.5 micrometer are defined as particles that have reduced visibility to the human eye, and causes the air to appear hazy when levels are elevated. Within this article, pharmaceutical drug formulation of fine particle size and distribution is well defined as described by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). This review highlights the direct methods, which include the following: sedimentation rate, analytical sieve fractionation studies, and light microscopy; as well as indirect methods of characterization, which includes laser diffraction analysis, method validation and permeability procedures. Furthermore, statistical analysis in particle size is expressed within and it is used to summarize large amounts of collected data into a form that could be useable and understandable while losing as little information as possible about the original investigated population.

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Section: Direct Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Operational Integrity Of a Fine Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Direct and Indirect Methods of Fine Particle Characterization

Yl¹,

R²,

Hf³

2018

J Pharm Anal Insights

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“…In this case, tailings dewatering has become a crucial issue affecting the application of backfill technology in a mine [16]. For the requirement of continuous backfill technology, rapid dewatering by flocculation and sedimentation (FS), agglomerating the fine particles with polymeric flocculants, has been widely used in backfill mines [17][18][19][20]. Despite the rapid dewatering function, FS also plays a role in purifying the solid content in overflow wastewater (SCOW) [21], which makes it possible to recycle the overflow water and protect the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Application of Rapid Dewatering for Tailings Containing Sodium Silicate: Laboratory and Industrial Test Results

Guo-Quan

Ke-ping

Kang

et al. 2020

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Focusing on the tailings containing high sodium silicate (water glass), this study conducted laboratory experiments and semi-industrial tests of flocculation and sedimentation for rapid tailings dewatering. Various reagent combinations, lime and anionic flocculant (APAM) (L&A), sulfuric acid and APAM (S&A), and calcium chloride and APAM (C&A), were tested. The results show that (i) all the three combinations presented a good effect in the laboratory experiments, and the relatively optimum dosages were L&A of 2 kg/t & 30 g/t, S&A of 2.6 kg/t & 20 g/t, and C&A of 3 kg/t & 30 g/t. (ii) The overflow water of the L&A group became turbid after 10 hours, and the pH increased to 14. While, for the S&A and C&A groups, the solid content in overflow wastewater (SCOW) fluctuated over time but could be mostly controlled in 300 ppm. The pH declined from 7 to 4 with time in the S&A group, and it was 7-8 in the C&A group. (iv) Thus, a backfill system with dewatering technology based on the C&A combination was designed. In the field application, the overflow water was recycled with the SCOW of less than 250 ppm and the pH of 7.5, while the underflow concentration was greater than 70 wt.%. The achievement provides a way to utilize the tailings containing sodium silicate effectively and environmentally, which will reduce the tailings dam on the Earth.

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“…Several researchers opted to apply the dry high intensity magnetic separation aiming to enrich low-grade iron ores [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14]16]. The results obtained by this method are satisfactory where a maximum product grade of 53.1% FeTotal is achievable with 19% yield as the magnetic product in lift roll magnetic separator (LRMS) at optimum conditions of variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of dry high-intensity magnetic separation in upgrading low-grade iron ore of Rouina deposit, Algeria

Messai¹,

Idres²,

Menéndez-Aguado³

2020

J Min & Metal A Mining

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The recent developments of steel and iron industries generated a huge consumption of iron ores which has attracted much attention for utilizing low-grade iron resources to satisfy this increasing demand. The present study focuses on the characterization and enrichment of the low-grade iron ores from Rouina deposit-Ain Defla-. Currently, the ore is used in the cement industry because it is considered a low-grade iron ore. After the sampling process, a physico-chemical and mineralogical characterization was carried out and the results revealed that the sample consists of hematite, limonite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals whereas silicates as well as clays form the gangue minerals in the sample. The average grade of FeTotal, SiO2 and Al2O3 contents in the raw material collected from the mine of the case study are 30.85%, 23.12% and 7.77% respectively. Processes involving combination of classification, washing and dry high-intensity magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low-grade iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to washing followed by drying than dry high intensity magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. As a result, it was possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate of 54.09% with a recovery degree of 89.30% and yield of 62.82% using a magnetic field intensity equal to 2.4 Tesla at the size fraction [-0.125 +0.063 mm].

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Selective Flocculation Enhanced Magnetic Separation of Ultrafine Disseminated Magnetite Ores

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Recent Advances in Direct and Indirect Methods of Fine Particle Characterization

Recent Advances in Direct and Indirect Methods of Fine Particle Characterization

Design and Application of Rapid Dewatering for Tailings Containing Sodium Silicate: Laboratory and Industrial Test Results

Application of dry high-intensity magnetic separation in upgrading low-grade iron ore of Rouina deposit, Algeria

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