Selective extraction of plant bioactive compounds with deep eutectic solvents: Iris sibirica L. as example

Abstract

IntroductionDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising extractants with tuneable properties. However, there is a lack of reports about the influence of the nature of the original DES on obtaining the metabolomic profile of a plant.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of obtaining Iris sibirica L. chromatographical profiles with DESs based on various hydrogen bond donors and acceptors as extraction solvents.MethodologyDESs were prepared by mixing choline chloride or tetrabutylammonium bromide with various hydrogen bond donors and investigated for the extraction of bioactive substances from biotechnological raw materials of I. sibirica L. The obtained extracts were analysed by HPLC with diode array detector (DAD) and Q‐MS.ResultsChromatographic profiles for I. sibirica L. extracts by eight choline chloride DESs and six tetrabutylammonium DESs have been obtained. It has been found that selective recovery of bioactive substances can be achieved by varying the composition of DESs. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in I. sibirica L. using HPLC‐MS. Phase separation was observed with acetonitrile for four DESs. New flavonoid derivatives have been found in DES extracts compared with methanol extracts.ConclusionThe results showed the possibility of DES usage for extraction without water addition. Selectivity of DESs varies depending on the chemical composition of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. Choline chloride is a more suitable hydrogen bond acceptor for the flavonoid extraction. Choline chloride–lactic acid (1:1) DES has demonstrated a metabolic profile that was the closest to the methanol one and enhanced the extraction up to 2.6‐fold.