Selective emitter materials and designs for high-temperature thermophotovoltaic applications

Wang, Ze; Kortge, David; He, Zeqiang; Song, Jiawei; Zhu, Jie; Lee, Chang Kyun; Wang, Haiyan; Bermel, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111554

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…These emitters are paired with PV cells that possess a bandgap of 0.5-0.75 eV. [7,13,18,19,30,37,42,43] PV cells with bandgaps of 0.35 to <0.5 eV tend to suffer from recombination losses, adversely affecting their efficiency. [8,23,32,44] It is not viable to use farfield TPV systems based on selective emitters operating below 1000 °C as there is a significant reduction of emitted power and efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27] Several previous researchers have reviewed the fundamental principles and results in thermophotovoltaics, extending to the present day. [4,13,[28][29][30][31][32] In TPV, spectrally selective emitters consisting of photonic crystals, gratings, and multilayered metamaterials made of alternating metal and dielectric layers are employed to restrain low-energy out-of-band photons. [4,12,13,25,28,29,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] To date, a 1D metamaterial emitter exhibits the highest thermal stability at 1400 °C for 6 h. [38] Yet, the enduring thermal resilience of the emitters operating at 1400 °C remains uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4,13,[28][29][30][31][32] In TPV, spectrally selective emitters consisting of photonic crystals, gratings, and multilayered metamaterials made of alternating metal and dielectric layers are employed to restrain low-energy out-of-band photons. [4,12,13,25,28,29,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] To date, a 1D metamaterial emitter exhibits the highest thermal stability at 1400 °C for 6 h. [38] Yet, the enduring thermal resilience of the emitters operating at 1400 °C remains uncertain. Nonetheless, most of the state-of-the-art TPV emitters are designed to function in the range of 1000 °C and higher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridium‐Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

Vaidhyanathan Krishnamurthy,

Chirumamilla,

Krekeler

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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The long‐term operation of refractory‐metal‐based metamaterials is crucial for applications such as thermophotovoltaics. The metamaterials based on refractory metals like W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Re fail primarily by oxidation. Here we propose the use of the noble metal Ir as an alternative to refractory metals, stable to oxidation and having optical properties comparable to gold. We demonstrate the thermal endurance of Ir in a 3‐layer‐system, consisting of HfO2/Ir/HfO2, by performing annealing experiments up to 1240°C in a pressure range from 2 × 10−6 mbar to 1 bar. The Ir layer shows no oxidation in vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. At temperatures above 1100°C, the Ir layer starts to agglomerate due to the degradation of the confining HfO2 layers. Alternative dielectric layers are required to further increase the application temperature. An in‐situ x‐ray diffraction experimental comparison between 1D multilayered Ir/HfO2 and W/HfO2 selective emitters annealed at 1000°C, 2 × 10−6 mbar over 100 h confirms oxidation stability of Ir while W multilayers gradually disappear. The results of this work show that metamaterials based on oxidizing refractory metals, such as tungsten, are not long‐term stable even at 1000°C. The oxidation resistance of Ir can be leveraged for refractory plasmonic metamaterials, such as selective emitters in thermophotovoltaic systems with strong suppression of long wavelength radiation.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridium‐Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

Vaidhyanathan Krishnamurthy,

Chirumamilla,

Krekeler

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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“…[24][25][26][27] There are quite a few review papers about selective emitters. [28][29][30] Sakakibara et al reviewed the state-ofthe-art practical emitters and presented five metrics for a comprehensive evaluation, 31 which include optical performance, scalability of fabrication, high-temperature stability for a long-term usage, and expense and convenience of integration within the whole system. For the most practical emitter implementation, emitters used in prototype system demonstrations are categorized based on the structure, including bulk emitters, 32,33 naturally selective emitters made of rare earth metals, 34 1D photonic crystals, 35,36 2D photonic crystals, 37,38 and multilayer stacks composed of subwavelength metal and dielectric layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A refractory metal-based photonic narrowband emitter for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion

Chen

Liu

et al. 2023

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…With the rapid development of the economy in the world, energy consumption is continuously increasing. [ 1 ] The increase in energy consumption will shorten the lifespan of fossil energy sources and damage the environment. It has not only led to a worldwide study of new energy sources but also accelerated research on obtaining the maximum energy efficiency among the obtained and used energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Spectral Optical Path Design of the Thermophotovoltaic System for Improving Irradiance Intensity and Uniformity

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Energy Tech

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In the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system, thermophotovoltaic cells can produce a high output power density. According to existing research results, concentrated irradiance is adopted to achieve high‐level thermophotovoltaic cell output. However, irradiance nonuniformity on the surface of the thermophotovoltaic cell can occur when the energy is concentrated. Such nonuniformity will destroy the balance of temperature and cause a spectrum mismatch of the cell, which will also reduce the reusability. To address these problems, a single spectral TPV optical path with spectral selectivity is proposed. Between the filter and the thermophotovoltaic cell module, a four‐prismatic straight funnel is designed and added. The Monte Carlo ray‐tracing method is used to examine the irradiance intensity and uniformity of the cell surface. The current–voltage characteristics of the cell module are computed using a single‐diode model. The results indicate that the uniformity of the TPV cell module can be maintained above 90% and the average cell module power density is 0.0861 W cm−2 with the addition of a four‐prismatic straight funnel. Meanwhile, the network efficiency and the system efficiency are 82.76% and 4.56%, respectively.

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Selective emitter materials and designs for high-temperature thermophotovoltaic applications

Cited by 33 publications

References 87 publications

Iridium‐Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

Iridium‐Based Selective Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Applications

A refractory metal-based photonic narrowband emitter for thermophotovoltaic energy conversion

A Single Spectral Optical Path Design of the Thermophotovoltaic System for Improving Irradiance Intensity and Uniformity

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