Selective down‐regulation of Th2 cell‐mediated airway inflammation in mice by pharmacological intervention of CCR4

Abstract

There were notable differences in allergic lung inflammation mediated by different T cell subsets. CCR4 blockage was selectively effective for suppression of Th2-mediated allergic inflammation by blocking infiltration of Th2 cells.

IL-17A Induces Hypo-contraction of Intestinal Smooth Muscle via Induction of iNOS in Muscularis Macrophages

“…Finally, to determine if Th17 cytokines also attenuate intestinal contraction in vivo, we transferred Th17 cells into mice and induced colitis in accordance with our previous methods (24). In intestinal inflammation model animals with treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, IL-17 may be produced (7), but in these models, other cytokines such as IL-1b and TNF-a are also produced (43), and it makes difficult to know the effect of IL-17 on the intestinal smooth muscle contraction.…”

“…specific Th17 cells prepared as described previously (24). Briefly, splenic CD4 + T cells from DO11.10/RAG-2 −/− mice were cultured with X-ray-irradiated BALB/c splenocytes in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.3 mM ovalbumin (OVA) 323-339 peptide, 10 U/ml recombinant IL-2 (BD Bioscience), 10 ng/ml IL-1b, 20 ng/ml IL-6, 1 ng/ml transforming growth factor-b (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), and 10 ng/ml IL-23 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), which were added at the start of the culture together with 40 mg/ml anti-IL-4 and 40 mg/ml anti-IFN-g (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA).…”

Differential Contribution of Adhesion Molecules to Th1 and Th2 Cell-Mediated Lung and Bowel Inflammation

“…In some experiments, cells were stained with the fluorescein-based dye 5-(and -6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, U.S.A.) before the transfer, using methods previously described. 6,13) For bowel inflammation experiments, 24 h after the transfer, mice were challenged by administering an enema of 0.2 mL of 10% OVA or bovine serum albumin (BSA) dissolved in 0.9% saline; the process was repeated 7 times with 10 min intervals.…”

“…Accumulation of eosinophils and neutrophils was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage, using methods described previously. 4,6) The number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was counted using a hemocytometer. Differential cell counts based on morphologic criteria were performed for at least 200 cells on a cytocentrifuged preparation after staining with Diff-Quick (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan).…”

“…OVA-specific Th1 and Th2 cells were generated from DO11.10 mice, using methods described previously. 3,6) OVA-specific naive CD4 + T cells were isolated from the spleens of DO11.10/RAG-2 −/− mice by positive selection using CD4 microbeads and a magnetic cell sorting system (Miltenyi, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Cells were cultured with X-ray-irradiated BALB/c splenocytes in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.…”