Selective dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by mesoporous SBA-15-SO3H in ionic liquid BmimCl

Heteropoly tungstate supported on tantalum oxide: a highly active acid catalyst for the selective conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxy methyl furfural

“…The maximum yield of HMF is attained at a reaction temperature of 120°C and a marginal increase in yield is observed beyond this temperature. Similar behavior was reported over SBA-15-SO 3 H catalysts [24].…”

“…The dehydration of fructose over acid catalysts is the most convenient and efficient method for the preparation of HMF [24]. A lot of catalysts, both mineral acids such as HCl, H 2 SO 4 and H 3 PO 4 [25], and organic liquid acids such as oxalic acid, levulinic acid and maleic acid [26] are reported for the dehydration of fructose.…”

Functionalized silica nanoparticles for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

“…[24,25] However, the severe drawbacks in terms of equipment corrosion, products separation and catalysts recycling limit their large-scale application. Heterogeneous acid catalysts including cation exchange resins, [26,27] H-form zeolites, [28] supported heteropoly acids (HPA), [29,30] metal phosphates, [31] acid-functionalized silicas, [32,33] MOFs, [34] and C-based solid acids [35][36][37] offer the advantages of easy separation from the reaction solution and can be recycled, thus emerging as more suitable catalysts for potential industrial processes. The catalytic activities of these solid acids differed greatly for fructose dehydration to 5-HMF, due to not only the varied constitutes and structures, but also the different reaction conditions including reaction medium, time, temperature and others.…”

“…For example, acid-functionalized silicas including SBA-15-SO 3 H, [33] supported ionic liquid silica nanoparticles (SILnPs), [46] sulfonated MCM-41, [47], nafion modified mesocellular silica foam (MCF) [48] and bi-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) [49] have been developed for 5-HMF production from fructose, and giving considerable yields of 5-HMF (60-89%) in the presence of ionic liquid or DMSO. Herein, to effectively produce 5-HMF in aqueous systems, we synthesized a series of propyl sulfonic acid and silica nanoparticles modified with alkyl groups.…”

Progress in the Development of Mesoporous Solid Acid and Base Catalysts for Converting Carbohydrates into Platform Chemicals

“…Reaction at 130 °C in water-MIBK/2-butanol gave fructose conversions and selectivity to HMF as high as 84 % and 71 % over TESAS-SBA-15 catalyst, while an 81 % fructose conversion and 65 % selectivity to HMF were obtained over SSA-SBA-15, both of which were higher than for a commercial Amberlyst-70 catalyst. The choice of solvent is crucial for the selective conversion of fructose into HMF; thus Mu et al [ 19 ] explored the application of BMIMCl ionic liquid instead of using conventional organic solvents or water, with mesoporous SBA-15-SO 3 H catalysts prepared by conventional one-pot routes with varying MPTMS loadings. As expected, sulfonic acid SBA-15 exhibited a high activity and HMF selectivity in BMIMCl at 120 °C, with an 81 % yield of HMF observed at 99 % fructose conversion when using SBA-15-SO 3 H-10 catalysts (where 10 represented the MPTMS-(TEOS + MPTMS) ratio).…”