Selective deficits in visual perception and recognition in schizophrenia

O’Donnell, Brian F.; Swearer, Joan M.; McCarley, R.W.; Smith, L.; Shenton, M.E.; Nestor, P.G.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)94548-b

Cited by 52 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…Although motion processing deficits have been well documented in schizophrenia (Braus et al, 2002;Brenner et al, 2003;Chen et al, 1999;Li, 2002;O'Donnell et al, 1996), underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain to be determined. In this study, we investigated information processing using incoherent vs. coherent motion processing tasks, and related performance to measures of basic sensory processing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deficits in visual processing have been well documented in schizophrenia, including increased thresholds for visual stimulus detection O'Donnell et al, 1996;Slaghuis, 1998), reduced neurophysiological response to isolated stimuli (Butler et al, 2001Foxe et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2005), and deficits in motion processing (Braus et al, 2002;Chen et al, 2005Chen et al, , 2004Chen et al, , 2003Chen et al, , 1999Li, 2002;Schwartz et al, 1999). The relationship between deficits is not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia

Kim

Wylie

Pasternak

et al. 2006

Schizophrenia Research

131

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Patients with schizophrenia show impairments in motion processing, along with deficits in lower level processing primarily involving the magnocellular visual pathway. The present study investigates potential magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia using a combined neurophysiological and behavioral approach. As compared to prior motion studies in schizophrenia, thresholds were determined for both incoherent and coherent visual motion. In this study, velocity discrimination thresholds were measured for schizophrenia patients (n = 14) and agematched normal control subjects (n = 16) using a staircase procedure. Early visual processing was evaluated using steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEP), with stimuli biased toward activation of either the magnocellular or parvocellular visual pathways through luminance contrast manipulation. Patients with schizophrenia showed poor velocity discrimination for both incoherent and coherent motion, with no significant group × task interaction. Further, when coherent motion performance was measured at individually determined incoherent motion thresholds, accuracy levels for patients were similar to controls, also indicating similarity of deficit for incoherent vs. coherent motion discrimination. Impairments in velocity discrimination correlated significantly with reduced amplitude of ssVEP elicited by magnocellular -but not parvocellular -selective stimuli. This study demonstrates that deficits in motion processing in schizophrenia are significantly related to reduced activation of the magnocellular visual system. Further, this study supports and extends prior reports of impaired motion processing in schizophrenia, and indicates significant bottom-up contributions to higher-order cognitive impairments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia

Kim

Wylie

Pasternak

et al. 2006

Schizophrenia Research

131

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“…Moreover, several lines of evidence suggest that perceptual abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may be channel-specific. The majority of findings in schizophrenic subjects suggest that deficits are more prominent in the magnocellular pathway or in the dorsal stream which would also implicate magnocellular processing (Green et al, 1994 a,b;O'Donnell et al, 1996;Cadenhead et al, 1998;Butler et al, 2001;Doniger et al, 2002;Schecter et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2005;) although some recent evidence implicates the parvocellular pathway in visual processing abnormalities associated with schizophrenia (Butler et al, 2002;Green et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

Selemon

Begovic

2007

Psychiatry Research

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Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with dysfunction of the magnocellular pathway, i.e. the visual relay from peripheral retinal cells to the two ventrally located magnocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The present study was undertaken to determine whether abnormalities in cell number and volume of the LGN are associated with schizophrenia and whether the structural alterations are restricted to either the magnocellular or parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Series of Nissl-stained sections spanning the LGN were obtained from 15 schizophrenic and 15 normal control subjects. The optical disector/ fractionator sampling method was used to estimate total neuronal number, total glial number and volume of the magnocellular and parvocellular subdivisions of the LGN. Cell number and volume of the LGN in schizophrenic subjects were not abnormal. Volume of both parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the LGN decreased with age. These findings do not support the hypothesis that early visual processing deficits are due to reduction of neuronal number in the LGN.

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“…Although behavioral (Butler et al, 2005;Keri et al, 2002Keri et al, , 2004O'Donnell et al, 1996O'Donnell et al, , 2002Slaghuis, 1998Slaghuis, , 2004 and steady state VEP (Butler et al, 2001(Butler et al, , 2005 studies suggest deficits in early-stage visual processing in schizophrenia particularly involving underactivity of the M system, previous studies of transient VEP (tVEP) in schizophrenia have been conflicting. Initial, as well as current, studies of the tVEP (Shagass et al, 1977;Straumanis et al, 1982;van der Stelt et al, 2004) have found no impairment in the early components of the waveform, reporting a deficit only at 200 ms (Shagass, 1980) or later (van der Stelt et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

Schechter

Butler

Zemon

et al. 2005

Clinical Neurophysiology

136

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Objective-Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate significant impairments of early visual processing, potentially implicating dysfunction of the magnocellular visual pathway. The present study evaluates transient visual evoked potential (tVEP) responses to stimuli biased toward the magnocellular (M) or parvocellular (P) systems in patients with schizophrenia vs. normal volunteers first to evaluate relative contributions of M and P systems to specific tVEP components in schizophrenia and, second, to evaluate integrity of early M and P processing in schizophrenia.Methods-Seventy-four patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were compared with 59 control subjects using separate stimuli to assess the tVEP response to M, P and mixed M/P conditions. Stimuli were biased toward M vs. P processing by manipulation of chromatic and achromatic contrast. C1, P1, N1 and P2 components were compared between patients and controls. All subjects showed 20/32 vision or better.Results-Waveforms were obtained to low contrast (M), chromatic contrast (P) and high contrast (mixed M/P) stimuli in both patients and controls. C1 was present to P and mixed M/P stimuli. Patients showed a significant reduction in amplitude and an increase in latency of the C1 component. P1 was elicited primarily by M and mixed M/P stimuli, whereas N1 was elicited primarily by P and mixed M/P stimuli. Patients showed reductions in both P1 and N1 amplitudes across conditions. However, only reductions in P1 amplitude survived covariation for between group differences in visual acuity. Further, P1 amplitude reductions in the M condition correlated with a proxy measure of global outcome.Conclusions-M-and P-selective stimuli elicit differential components of the tVEP. Patients with schizophrenia show significant reductions in response even to simple visual stimuli. Deficits, particularly within the M system, may correlate significantly with global outcome and level of community functioning.Significance-Whereas deficits in high-order cognitive processing have been extensively documented in schizophrenia, integrity of early-stage sensory processing has been studied to a lesser degree. The present findings suggest that deficits in early-stage visual processing are significantly

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Selective deficits in visual perception and recognition in schizophrenia

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia

Magnocellular contributions to impaired motion processing in schizophrenia

Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus in normal and schizophrenic subjects

Impairments in generation of early-stage transient visual evoked potentials to magno- and parvocellular-selective stimuli in schizophrenia

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