Selective Control of Cyperaceous Weeds With K-223

Takematsu, Tetsuo; Konnai, Makoto; Akashiba, Takeo; Seki, Nansho

doi:10.1017/s0043174500062433

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Japanese plantain, Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae), is a perennial rosette herb and is distributed throughout east Eurasia including the Japanese islands (Takematsu & Ichizen 1987). P. asiatica is common and abundant in lowland habitats, but also occasionally colonizes and persists at altitudes more than 2000 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in plant‐size structure and biomass allocation in plants between exposed and shaded Plantago asiatica populations at a mid‐elevated habitat in the cool‐temperate region of Japan

Kobayashi

Okamoto

Kanazawa

et al. 2005

Plant Species Biology

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Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae) is a perennial herb that is distributed over a wide range of habitats from exposed to shaded sites in lowlands to the subalpine zone in Japan. We investigated the patterns of biomass allocation and population structures based on the frequency distribution of individual plants in order to clarify the extent of plasticity in significant life-history traits and also population dynamics of this plantain species, which occurs under two contrasting light regimes-in exposed and shaded habitats-at Numappara, 1230 m a.s.l., Tochigi Prefecture, central Honshu. The plants at the shaded site allocated more biomass to leaves, but less to rhizomes than those at the exposed site. Increasing the biomass of the reproductive organs resulted in a reduction of the leaf and rhizome fractions. This trend is clearer in the shaded plants than in the exposed plants. In both exposed and shaded populations, the number of seedlings was greater in the first year, but the population structure was skewed more negatively in the second year during two consecutive study years. The possible effects of allocation traits of individuals on the population structures and regeneration mechanisms of P. asiatica at elevated habitats are discussed in terms of cyclic changes in population structure with the fluctuations of seeding activity over some years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in plant‐size structure and biomass allocation in plants between exposed and shaded Plantago asiatica populations at a mid‐elevated habitat in the cool‐temperate region of Japan

Kobayashi

Okamoto

Kanazawa

et al. 2005

Plant Species Biology

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“…In particular, the carbamothioate herbicides, such as dimepiperate, and the urea herbicides, such as dymron, were shown to have some ability to protect rice against stunting injury caused by sulfonylurea herbicides 11. 14–17 The enhancement of sulfonylurea herbicide metabolism, including O ‐demethylation, in the presence of safeners has been demonstrated in vivo 11. 13, 14 However, no evidence was found regarding the formation of the O ‐desmethyl metabolite of PSE in vitro , and there is limited information about cytochrome P‐450‐dependent enzymes related to safening effects against sulfonylurea herbicide injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of cytochrome P‐450 enzyme activity in the selectivity and safening action of pyrazosulfuron‐ethyl

Yun¹,

Shim

Usui

2001

Pest Management Science

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To investigate the selectivity and safening action of the sulfonylurea herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl (PSE), pyrazosulfuron-ethyl O-demethylase (PSEOD) activity involving oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P-450 was studied in rice (Oryza sativa L cv Nipponbare) and Cyperus serotinus Rottb. Cytochrome P-450-dependent activity was demonstrated by the use of the inducers 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and ethanol, the herbicides PSE, bensulfuron-methyl, dimepiperate and dymron, or the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Growth inhibition in C serotinus seedlings was more severe than that in rice seedlings. O-Dealkylation activities of PSE were induced differently in rice and in C serotinus, with distinctly higher activity in rice seedlings. The induced PSEOD activities were slightly inhibited by PBO in rice seedlings, whereas they were strongly inhibited in C serotinus seedlings. Dimepiperate and dymron were effective safeners of rice against PSE treatment. Treatments with herbicide alone resulted in less induction of PSEOD activity compared with combined treatments of the herbicide and safener. PSEOD activity in rice seedlings induced with herbicide alone was strongly inhibited by PBO, whereas it was weakly inhibited in rice seedlings induced with combinations of PSE and two safeners. These results suggest that O-demethylation by cytochrome P-450 enzymes may be involved in the metabolism of PSE and may contribute to its selectivity and safening action. Furthermore, these results suggest the existence of a multiple form of cytochrome P-450 in plants.

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“…Dymron,* 1-(a, a-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolyl) urea (I) is an urea herbicide which controls effectively many cyperaceous weeds such as slender spikerush, umbrellaplant and bulrush in paddy fields and purple nutsedge on uplands, while it is ineffective against most broadleaved weeds,1,2) Field trials showed marked tolerance of many useful crops. 3,4) This herbicide has been applied as pre-emergence herbicide in Japan for controlling bulrush such as Scirpus juncoides hotarui (Ohwi) and slender spikerush Eleocharis acicularis L.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Products of the Urea Herbicide Dymron in Soils

Uchiyama¹

1984

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Soils of three different types were treated with a relatively high dosage level (30 ppm) of [carbonyl-14C]labeled dymron, 1-(a, a-dimethylbenzyl)-3-(p-tolyl)urea and were incubated at 30oC under upland and flooded conditions. The evolution of 14C02 from 14C-dymron was less than 1% of the initial radioactivity during 6 months of incubation in all cases. Evidences showed that soil microbes play an important role for the degradation of dymron. The major transformation products identified were cumylurea, p-tolylurea, 4'-hydroxymethyl derivative (compound IV) and 4'-carboxy derivative (compound V). The formation of cumylurea was the main transformation pathway of dymron in the soils under upland and flooded conditions. *Developed by Showa Denko Chemical Co., Ltd.

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Selective Control of Cyperaceous Weeds With K-223

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Differences in plant‐size structure and biomass allocation in plants between exposed and shaded Plantago asiatica populations at a mid‐elevated habitat in the cool‐temperate region of Japan

Differences in plant‐size structure and biomass allocation in plants between exposed and shaded Plantago asiatica populations at a mid‐elevated habitat in the cool‐temperate region of Japan

Involvement of cytochrome P‐450 enzyme activity in the selectivity and safening action of pyrazosulfuron‐ethyl

Transformation Products of the Urea Herbicide Dymron in Soils

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