Selective chemiluminescence method for monitoring of vitamin K homologues in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Abstract

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. The detection and monitoring of vitamin K homologues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is a challenging problem due to the smaller concentrations of vitamin K and the presence of several interfering medications. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new highly sensitive and selective chemiluminescence (CL) method designated to quantify vitamin K homologues in plasma of RA patients selectively including phylloquinone (PK, vitamin K 1 ), menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K 2 ) and menaquinone-7 (MK-7, vitamin K 2 ). The method was based on the unique photochemical properties of vitamin K homologues that were exploited for selective luminol CL reaction. The correlation coefficients of 0.998 or more were obtained in the concentration ranges of 0.1-100 ng mL -1 vitamin K homologues. The detection limits were 0.03-0.1 ng mL -1 in human plasma for vitamin K homologues. The developed HPLC-CL system was successfully applied for selective determination of vitamin K homologues in plasma of RA patients. The developed method may provide a useful tool for monitoring vitamin K homologues in different clinical studies such as RA, osteoporosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in which vitamin K is intervented.

A novel salting-out assisted extraction coupled with HPLC- fluorescence detection for trace determination of vitamin K homologues in human plasma

“…It was found that the circulating levels of vitamin K 2 homologues 2.92 70.34 ng mL À 1 , 2.49 70.54 ng mL À 1 , and 2.88 7 0.58 ng mL À 1 for PK, MK-4 and MK-7, respectively. The obtained results for the determination of vitamin K concentrations in healthy subjects were similar to those obtained by the reported methods [23][24][25][26]. Some of the obtained results were quite high that may be attributed to the better extraction methodology than the reported methods.…”

“…The detection limits (S/N ¼3) obtained with the proposed SALLE-HPLC-FL method were 0.1-0.17 ng mL À 1 plasma for PK, MK-4 and MK-7. The proposed method was found to be 10-500 times more sensitive than HPLC-UV methods [15,16], 2-6 times compared with HPLC-FL [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], 2-3 times compared with HPLC-EC [22,23], with sensitivity comparable to HPLC-CL [24,25]. However, the sensitivity was lower than LC-MS method [26][27][28][29][30][31] that is an expensive technique requires technical experiences.…”

“…To date, several chromatographic methods were reported for the trace determination of vitamins K in biological samples including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) [15,16], fluorescence [17][18][19][20][21], electrochemical [22,23], chemiluminescence (CL) [24,25] and mass spectrometric detection [26][27][28][29][30][31]. However, the lower concentrations of vitamin K homologues could not be detected by many of the reported methods [15,16] while the reproducibility problems hinder the use of electrochemical methods [22,23].…”

Analytical techniques for the determination of biologically active quinones in biological and environmental samples

“…This phenomenon allowed the development of a highly sensitive and selective HPLC-CL method for the determination of quinones. The developed HPLC-luminol CL method was successfully applied to determine PAHQs such as NQ, PQ and AQ in airborne particulates or to determine vitamin K in plasma sample obtained from rheumatoid arthritis patients [43].…”

Determination of the pseudoephedrine content in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids using a microbore HPLC system interfaced to a microfluidic chemiluminescence detector

“…This enables highly sensitive detection without the need for complex and expensive instrumentation. Due to its simplicity, low cost, high sensitivity and selectivity, CL detection has become an attractive tool in combination with many analytical techniques, such as HPLC (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13), capillary electrophoresis (CE) (14), flow injection analysis (16,17) and microfluidics (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”