Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene to Benzaldehyde: Effect of Aging Time and Calcination Temperature Using CuxZnyO Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Oxidation is an important organic transformation, and several catalysts have been reported for this conversion. In this study, we report the synthesis of mixed metal oxide CuxZnyO, which is prepared by a coprecipitation method by varying the molar ratio of Cu and Zn in the catalytic system. The prepared mixed metal oxide CuxZnyO was evaluated for catalytic performance for toluene oxidation. Various parameters of the catalytic evaluation were studied in order to ascertain the optimum condition for the best catalytic performance. The results indicate that aging time, calcination temperature, reaction temperature, and feed rate influence catalytic performance. It was found that the catalyst interfaces apparently enhanced catalytic activity for toluene oxidation. The XRD diffractograms reveal the crystalline nature of the mixed metal oxide formed and also confirm the coexistence of hexagonal and monoclinic crystalline phases. The catalyst prepared by aging for 4 h and calcined at 450 °C was found to be the best for the conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde while the reactor temperature was maintained at 250 °C with toluene fed into the reactor at 0.01 mL/min. The catalyst was active for about 13 h.

Photo‐Assisted Fenton Reaction for the Oxidative Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water Using a Layered Double Hydroxide of Iron Ion

“…Additional references about standard JCPDS cards for compounds in M 2 + M 3 + -LDHs and phenol degradation on different LDH-based catalysts are cited within the Supporting Information, respectively. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]…”

“…Supporting Information includes the results of the effect of impurities in the Fe 2+ Al 3+ ‐LDH, recycling test using the Fe 2+ Al 3+ ‐LDH, XRD pattern after the reaction, remaining rate of phenol under visible‐light irradiation using the Fe 2+ Al 3+ ‐LDH, leached amount of Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ and Al 3+ ions after the reaction, phenol degradation test using the filtrate from the Fenton reaction of Fe 2+ Al 3+ ‐LDH, and the effects of the irradiation wavelengths for the Fe 2+ Al 3+ ‐LDH. Additional references about standard JCPDS cards for compounds in M 2+ M 3+ ‐LDHs and phenol degradation on different LDH‐based catalysts are cited within the Supporting Information, respectively [26–34,35–42] …”

Advances in Nanohybrid Membranes for Dye Reduction: A Comprehensive Review

“…Metal/Metal Oxide CNTs Graphene Fullerene Nanoclay Nanofiber Metal/Metal Oxide q) CNTs Graphene r) Nanoclay a) Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA); b) Alharbi et al [ 112] evaluated metal/metal oxide; c) Weight loss of 50% (up to 600°C) for GO [113] and fullerene. [ 114] Weight loss of 20%…”