Selective catalytic hydroalkylation and deoxygenation of substituted phenols to bicycloalkanes

Conceptual Process Design and Techno-Economic Assessment of Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: A Fixed Bed Reactor Implementation Scenario for Future Feasibility

“…This approach combining upstream ketonization with downstream aldol condensation and hydrogenation-dehydration provides a promising route for converting carboxylic acids into diesel/jet fuel range products [22,[26][27][28]. Hydroalkylation involves ring-coupling of phenol with cyclohexanol or cyclohexene on Brønsted acidic materials, resulting in the formation of bi-cyclic or tri-cyclic oxygenates, that can then undergo subsequent hydrodeoxygenation [30][31][32]. While most of the work on hydroalkylation of biomassderived phenolics has been performed in the aqueous liquid phase [30,32], ring coupling has been observed in the vapor phase at temperatures similar to the operating temperature of fixed bed reactor #2 [33].…”

Protonated titanate nanotubes as a highly active catalyst for the synthesis of renewable diesel and jet fuel range alkanes

“…Pioneered by the research works of Dumesic [17][18][19], Corma [20][21][22] and Huber [23,24], the synthesis of diesel and jet fuel range alkanes with the lignocellulosic platform chemicals has attracted tremendous attention [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The synthetic strategy for the diesel and jet fuel range alkanes usually contains two steps: In the first step, diesel (C 9 -C 22 ) and jet fuel (C 8 -C 16 ) range oxygenates were synthesized by the C-C coupling reactions of the lignocellulosic platform chemicals.…”

Influence of crystal size of HZSM-5 on hydrodeoxygenation of eugenol in aqueous phase

“…Lignin is a main constituent of lignocellulosic biomass (15-30% by weight, 40% by energy) [1,2], and pyrolysis or hydrolysis of lignin can produce a large quantity of phenolic compounds [3]. Eugenol is an aromatic component in the products of lignin pyrolysis and in the volatile fraction of lignocellulosic bio-oils, and it is also the predominant lignin monomer in softwood which incorporates several key functional groups such as phenyl, hydroxyl, methoxyl and allyl [4].…”

“…For the selective hydrogenation or oxidation of some bio-derived compounds, water is reported as a good reaction medium under moderate conditions [6][7][8], and a series of catalysts which combined of Pd/C and HZSM-5 have been developed for aqueous-phase hydrodeoxygenation of phenolic oil, such as Pd/C and liquid acid, base metal Raney Ni and solid acid [5,9,10]. Besides, Pd/HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts are also prepared for one-pot aqueous-phase upgrading of the organic components in crude bio-oil [3,11]. Notably, the combination of Pd/C and HZSM-5 shows an extremely high selectivity in removing oxygen-containing groups in lignin-derived substituted phenolic monomers and dimers in water, which brings an efficient route for upgrading lignin-derived phenolic oil to transportation biofuels [12].…”