Selective attention to the mouth of a talker in Japanese-learning infants and toddlers: Its relationship with vocabulary and compensation for noise

Sekiyama, Kaoru; Hisanaga, Satoko; Mugitani, Ryoko

doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.023

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Second, our results on preference within each time‐point replicate prior cross‐sectional findings. We found a preference for the eyes relative to the mouth at 5.5 months (Lewkowicz & Hansen‐Tift, 2012; Pons et al., 2015) and a balanced attention between the speaker's eyes and mouth at 11 months, replicating prior findings (Lewkowicz & Hansen‐Tift, 2012; Pons et al., 2019; Sekiyama et al., 2021; but see Wilcox et al., 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in selective attention to articulating mouth across infancy: Sex differences and associations with language outcomes

Lozano

Pérez

Laudańska

et al. 2022

Infancy

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ILS conducted main statistical analyses, contributed to interpreting the results, wrote the first draft and edited subsequent versions of the manuscript.DLP contributed to the pre-processing of eye-tracking data and commented on earlier versions of the manuscript.ZL contributed to the interpretation of the results and editing the manuscript.MS conducted statistical analyses and contributed to the coordination of the study.AR conducted statistical analyses and contributed to the coordination of the study. CHANGES IN SELECTIVE ATTENTION TO THE MOUTH -Manuscript accepted in Infancy 2AMK managed and conducted the data collection.PT conceived and designed the study, oversaw its execution, secured the funding, conducted main statistical analyses, contributed to the coordination of the study, the interpretation of the results and editing subsequent versions of the manuscript.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in selective attention to articulating mouth across infancy: Sex differences and associations with language outcomes

Lozano

Pérez

Laudańska

et al. 2022

Infancy

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“…We observed that, depending on mask condition, the infants' looking patterns changed. In response to the face mask, the infants dominantly spent more time looking at the eyes, whereas, without the mask, the infants alternated between the eyes and the mouth (in line with Cruz et al, 2020 ; Pejovic et al, 2021 ; Sekiyama et al, 2021 ). This suggests that, when articulatory cues are occluded, infants do not attend to the occluded area but redirect their attention to the available visual cues, namely, those provided by the eyes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…When processing faces, infants dominantly attend to the eyes and the mouth of a speaker (e.g., Hunnius and Geuze, 2004 ). Attention to the eyes at 6–12 months of age is related to infants' concurrent social and communication skills (Pons et al, 2019 ), while, in 2–3-year-old toddlers, it is related to larger vocabulary (Sekiyama et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, attention to the mouth at 6 months of age is related to larger expressive vocabulary (Tsang et al, 2018 ), and recent research has shown a trend toward increased attention to the mouth and larger expressive vocabulary in 9–14-month-old infants (Morin-Lessard et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Word Segmentation Behind the Mask

et al. 2022

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Infants have been shown to rely both on auditory and visual cues when processing speech. We investigated the impact of COVID-related changes, in particular of face masks, in early word segmentation abilities. Following up on our previous study demonstrating that, by 4 months, infants already segmented targets presented auditorily at utterance-edge position, and, using the same visual familiarization paradigm, 7–9-month-old infants performed an auditory and an audiovisual word segmentation experiment in two conditions: without and with an FFP2 face mask. Analysis of acoustic and visual cues showed changes in face-masked speech affecting the amount, weight, and location of cues. Utterance-edge position displayed more salient cues than utterance-medial position, but the cues were attenuated in face-masked speech. Results revealed no evidence for segmentation, not even at edge position, regardless of mask condition and auditory or visual speech presentation. However, in the audiovisual experiment, infants attended more to the screen during the test trials when familiarized with without mask speech. Also, the infants attended more to the mouth and less to the eyes in without mask than with mask. In addition, evidence for an advantage of the utterance-edge position in emerging segmentation abilities was found. Thus, audiovisual information provided some support to developing word segmentation. We compared 7–9-monthers segmentation ability observed in the Butler and Frota pre-COVID study with the current auditory without mask data. Mean looking time for edge was significantly higher than unfamiliar in the pre-COVID study only. Measures of cognitive and language development obtained with the CSBS scales showed that the infants of the current study scored significantly lower than the same-age infants from the CSBS (pre-COVID) normative data. Our results suggest an overall effect of the pandemic on early segmentation abilities and language development, calling for longitudinal studies to determine how development proceeds.

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“…The selective attention model comprised of 5 fixed effects: synchrony (redundant, non-redundant), order (ADS first, IDS first), language (English, Spanish), prosody (ADS, IDS), and AOI (eyes, mouth). To account for participant-specific differences in looking behavior, the model included participant as a random factor in addition to a random slope of AOI to account for potential individual differences in attentional shifts 55,56 . The change detection model included 4 fixed effects: synchrony, order, language, and block (ADS to IDS, IDS to ADS) and a random factor of participant.…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may explain why 12-month-old infants in non-native speech trials continued to focus on the mouths of the speaker to facilitate processing of the unfamiliar language 46 . Alternatively, it should be noted that other studies have proposed this shift in attention to the mouth could be a sign of more advanced language processing 53,54 , and studies that include vocabulary size as a factor indicate significant individual differences in the timing of the shift to and from the mouth 55,56 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant selective attention to native and non-native audiovisual speech

Roth

Clayton

Reynolds

2022

Sci Rep

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The current study utilized eye-tracking to investigate the effects of intersensory redundancy and language on infant visual attention and detection of a change in prosody in audiovisual speech. Twelve-month-old monolingual English-learning infants viewed either synchronous (redundant) or asynchronous (non-redundant) presentations of a woman speaking in native or non-native speech. Halfway through each trial, the speaker changed prosody from infant-directed speech (IDS) to adult-directed speech (ADS) or vice versa. Infants focused more on the mouth of the speaker on IDS trials compared to ADS trials regardless of language or intersensory redundancy. Additionally, infants demonstrated greater detection of prosody changes from IDS speech to ADS speech in native speech. Planned comparisons indicated that infants detected prosody changes across a broader range of conditions during redundant stimulus presentations. These findings shed light on the influence of language and prosody on infant attention and highlight the complexity of audiovisual speech processing in infancy.

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Selective attention to the mouth of a talker in Japanese-learning infants and toddlers: Its relationship with vocabulary and compensation for noise

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Changes in selective attention to articulating mouth across infancy: Sex differences and associations with language outcomes

Changes in selective attention to articulating mouth across infancy: Sex differences and associations with language outcomes

Early Word Segmentation Behind the Mask

Infant selective attention to native and non-native audiovisual speech

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