Selective Attention, Priming, and Foraging Behavior

Kamil, Alan C.; Bond, Alan B.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195377804.003.0007

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(164 reference statements)

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“…In the current context, visual foraging refers to a form of visual search (Treisman and Gelade 1980;Treisman and Sato 1990;Wolfe 2010) in which participants are required to select multiple targets from different categories on each trial. The term 'foraging' links this type of task with studies that explores how birds and animals select between different types of food (Dawkins 1971;Dukas and Ellner 1993;Kamil and Bond 2006;Tinbergen 1960). Here, we used an iPad app developed by Kristjánsson et al (2014) to explore attentional constraints during foraging.…”

Section: Visual Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being

Hartkamp

Thornton

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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A number of previous studies have suggested that mindfulness meditation can enhance cognitive performance. Although both western empirical findings and Buddhist psychological theory have emphasised a role for cognitive flexibility in the development and maintenance of mental health, few studies have specifically focused on flexibility in relation to mindfulness. The present study used a range of objective, behavioural measures to assess cognitive flexibility in 41 individuals before and after a 6-day intensive Vipassana (mindfulness) retreat. Subjective assessments of mindfulness, positive functioning and well-being were also taken. A comparably sized control group of students and government employees was given the same pre-and post-test measures. In contrast to our expectations and to previous reports, there were no significant changes in cognitive performance, over and above practice-related improvements also shown by the control group. Retreat participants did, however, register positive improvements on the subjective measures. We discuss possible limitations with our experimental design and highlight important issues that may assist future studies aiming to assess effects of mindfulness in the cognitive domain.

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Section: Visual Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being

Hartkamp

Thornton

2017

J Cogn Enhanc

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“…For example, when priming came from seeing a mate, the number of spiders that found a cryptic mosquito was significantly fewer than the number of spiders that found a cryptic mosquito in the no-priming control. Similar trade-off, or interference, effects are known from research on birds and mammals (Pietrewicz & Kamil 1979;Bond 1983;Dukas & Kamil 2000;Kamil & Bond 2006), and it is widely accepted that, even for animals with brains much larger than a spider's, deploying selective attention is cognitively demanding (Desimone 1998;Pashler 1998). We might envisage cognitive resources being tied up when an animal is selectively attentive to objects of one type, and we might propose that a reduction in available cognitive resources impairs an animal's ability to detect and identify other salient objects (Dukas & Kamil 2000).…”

Section: Specialized Use Of Search Imagesmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Search images pertain to selective attention, not pictures (Kamil & Bond 2006;. Moreover, as our research on E. culicivora illustrates, search images do not have to be based on vision.…”

Section: Olfactory Search Images and Cross-modality Primingmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mosquito-terminator spiders and the meaning of predatory specialization

Jackson¹,

Cross²

2015

Journal of Arachnology

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“…Selective attention best facilitates foraging or hunting for consistent resources but when resources change, either declining or increasing in availability, broadening of attention becomes advantageous [31]. Changing conditions can alter the relative worth of various resources as well as the corresponding sources of information signaling those resources by re-directing attention and reinforcing memories or recognition of alternatives [25,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned Use of Picture Cues by Bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) in a Delayed Matching Task

Thompson

Plowright

2016

Behavioral Sciences

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Picture-object correspondence provides an alternate method of investigating delayed matching by providing a cue (picture) which may be spontaneously perceived as similar but different from a corresponding target. Memory for, and corresponding choice of, a target corresponding to a cue could be facilitated by the use of a picture. Bumblebees have been found to both easily differentiate images from corresponding objects but also spontaneously perceive a similarity between the two. Herein, an approach was designed to test the possible use of picture cues to signal reward in a delayed matching task. Target choice preference corresponding to picture cues was tested among three bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) colonies using photograph cues (presented prior to target stimuli) corresponding to one of four target stimuli. Photograph cues were the only predictor of corresponding target reward, presented in stable locations. Rewarded and unrewarded tests show a choice preference significantly higher than chance for targets matching the cue. Results suggest that bumblebees can learn to use picture cues in a delayed matching task. Furthermore, experience, conditions of reward inconsistency and location, are discussed as possible contributing factors to learning in a delayed matching task.

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Selective Attention, Priming, and Foraging Behavior

Cited by 22 publications

References 109 publications

Meditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being

Meditation, Cognitive Flexibility and Well-Being

Mosquito-terminator spiders and the meaning of predatory specialization

Learned Use of Picture Cues by Bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) in a Delayed Matching Task

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