Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and pose a grave threat to human life and health. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent malignancy occupying 80% of all lung cancer subtypes. Except for other mutations (
e.g
.,
KRAS
G12V/D
) that are also vital for the occurrence,
KRAS
G12C
gene mutation is a significant driving force of NSCLC, with a prevalence of approximately 14% of all NSCLC patients. However, there are only a few therapeutic drugs targeting KRAS
G12C
mutations currently. Here, we synthesized hydrocarbon-stapled peptide
3
that was much shorter and more stable with modest KRAS
G12C
binding affinity and the same anti-tumor effect based on the
α
-helical peptide mimic SAH-SOS1
A
. The stapled peptide
3
effectively induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis, inhibiting cell growth in KRAS-mutated lung cancer cells
via
disrupting the KRAS-mediated RAF/MEK/ERK signaling, which was verified from the perspective of genomics and proteomics. Peptide
3
also exhibited strong anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin abilities, as well as good plasma stability and human liver microsomal metabolic stability. Overall, peptide
3
retains the equivalent anti-tumor activity of SAH-SOS1
A
but with improved stability and affinity, superior to SAH-SOS1
A
. Our work offers a structural optimization approach of KRAS
G12C
peptide inhibitors for cancer therapy.