Selective Antihypertensive Dihydropyridines Lower Aβ Accumulation by Targeting both the Production and the Clearance of Aβ across the Blood-Brain Barrier

A Review: Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Discovered in Repurposed Agents

“…In vitro studies have demonstrated inhibition of cerebral artery vasoconstriction and Aβ production [91,92]. Animal studies have similarly shown restored regional CBF, increased clearance of Aβ, and subsequent improvements in learning and memory in nilvadipine-treated mice [91,92].…”

“…In vitro studies have demonstrated inhibition of cerebral artery vasoconstriction and Aβ production [91,92]. Animal studies have similarly shown restored regional CBF, increased clearance of Aβ, and subsequent improvements in learning and memory in nilvadipine-treated mice [91,92]. Patients with aMCI who were treated chronically with nilvadipine failed to progress to dementia compared to control subjects [93] and patients diagnosed with AD also maintained clinical stability regardless of pretreatment blood pressure [94].…”

“…Nilvadipine and amlodipine inhibited Aβ production in vitro, but other dihydropyridines had no effect or raised Aβ production [92]. Amlodipine did not reduce cerebral Aβ load in animal models nor did it decrease conversion from aMCI to AD in clinical trials (table 2) [92,93].…”

“…Nilvadipine and amlodipine inhibited Aβ production in vitro, but other dihydropyridines had no effect or raised Aβ production [92]. Amlodipine did not reduce cerebral Aβ load in animal models nor did it decrease conversion from aMCI to AD in clinical trials (table 2) [92,93]. Nitrendipine increased the clearance of Aβ and improved regional CBF in animal models and also reduced the incidence of AD-related dementia in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (table 4) [90,92].…”

“…Amlodipine did not reduce cerebral Aβ load in animal models nor did it decrease conversion from aMCI to AD in clinical trials (table 2) [92,93]. Nitrendipine increased the clearance of Aβ and improved regional CBF in animal models and also reduced the incidence of AD-related dementia in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension (table 4) [90,92]. Nimodipine was the subject of a Cochrane Review in 2002 that concluded it had possible benefits in the treatment of AD, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia presumably due to its neuroprotective effects (table 4) [96,97].…”