Selective and Independent Control of Microrobots in a Magnetic Field: A Review

Wang, Min; Wu, Tianyi; Li, Rui; Zhang, Zhuoran; Li, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.eng.2023.02.011

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…In these equations, ν and M denote the volume and magnetization of the microrobot, respectively; ∇ represents the gradient symbol; and B is the magnetic flux in the region of interest of the magnetic actuating system [83].…”

Section: Magnetic Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Anticancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Nguyen,

Park,

Choi

2023

Biomimetics

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Macrophages, which are part of the mononuclear phagocytic system, possess sensory receptors that enable them to target cancer cells. In addition, they are able to engulf large amounts of particles through phagocytosis, suggesting a potential “Trojan horse” drug delivery approach to tumors by facilitating the engulfment of drug-hidden particles by macrophages. Recent research has focused on the development of macrophage-based microrobots for anticancer therapy, showing promising results and potential for clinical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent development of macrophage-based microrobot research for anticancer therapy. First, we discuss the types of macrophage cells used in the development of these microrobots, the common payloads they carry, and various targeting strategies utilized to guide the microrobots to cancer sites, such as biological, chemical, acoustic, and magnetic actuations. Subsequently, we analyze the applications of these microrobots in different cancer treatment modalities, including photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and various synergistic combination therapies. Finally, we present future outlooks for the development of macrophage-based microrobots.

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Section: Magnetic Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophage-Based Microrobots for Anticancer Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Nguyen,

Park,

Choi

2023

Biomimetics

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“…As we cannot adjust the blood flow and the nanoparticles have to have a diameter <200 nm to not be recognized by the body's immune system and be able to penetrate into tissue [39], only the magnetic field can be appropriately designed. Here, a strong gradient field over a large distance is mandatory [38,40]. However, our previous study showed that, for the same magnetic effort, a longer magnetic array with a lower absolute magnetic field strength leads to the same particle attraction as a shorter array with a higher field strength [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Nevertheless, the accumulation of the SPIONs in the tumor and, thus, the efficiency of an MDT treatment depend on numerous parameters, like the flow of blood with the corresponding geometry of the vessel and tumor, the properties of the SPIONs, as well as the gradient of the magnetic field [3,38]. As we cannot adjust the blood flow and the nanoparticles have to have a diameter <200 nm to not be recognized by the body's immune system and be able to penetrate into tissue [39], only the magnetic field can be appropriately designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the Magnetization Angle of a Linear Halbach Array Influences Particle Steering in Magnetic Drug Targeting—A Systematic Evaluation and Optimization

Thalmayer,

Götz,

Fischer

2024

Symmetry

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The main challenge in magnetic drug targeting lies in steering the magnetic particles, especially in deeper body layers. For this purpose, linear Halbach arrays are currently in focus. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the impact of the magnetization angle between two neighboring magnets in Halbach arrays has not been investigated for particle steering so far. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic numerical parameter study of varying the magnetization angle of linear Halbach arrays is conducted. This is completed by undertaking a typical magnetic drug targeting scenario, where magnetic particles have to be steered in an optimized manner. This includes the calculation of the magnetic flux density, its gradient, the total magnetic energy, and the resulting magnetic force based on a fitting function for the different Halbach constellations in the context of examining their potential for predicting the particle distribution. In general, increased magnetization angles result in an increased effective range of the magnetic force. However, as there is a trade-off between a weak force on the weak side of the array and a simple manufacturing process, a magnetization angle of 90∘ is recommended. For evaluating the steering performance, a numerical or experimental evaluation of the particle distribution is mandatory.

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“… 33 Light active micromotors also have an advantage of being more easily selectively actuated compared to magnetically driven particles which typically rely on fields that apply forces or torques to all of the particles at once. 34 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%