Selective alkylation of toluene with methanol to produce para-Xylene

Kaeding, Warren W.; Chu, Cynthia T-W.; Young, L. Brewster; Weinstein, Barry; Butter, S. A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9517(81)90269-4

Cited by 536 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such performance could be owing to the coke species deposited on catalyst surface which blocked some external acid sites and channel openings [5]. It is noteworthy that the initial para-selectivity gap between Z5-atp and Z5-bo was 11.5%, while this gap expanded to 13.1% after 100 h on stream.…”

Section: In-situ Ion Exchange Modification Effect Of Attapulgitementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high profit of para-xylene production has created incentives for researchers to work on various aspects of the technologies. Among the routes for on-purpose production of para-xylene, toluene alkylation with methanol to para-xylene is promising to become an important process in the chemical industry, because toluene is produced beyond market demand [4,5] and methanol is expected to be extensively obtained from converting coal and natural gas [4,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly used techniques include impregnation of with salts like boron, phosphorous or magnesium compounds [13][14][15], silanization by deposition of teraethyl orthosilicate [10,13], tuning the crystal size [3] and pre-coking [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Facile Strategy to Prepare Shaped ZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced para-Xylene Selectivity and Stability for Toluene Methylation

Wang¹,

Chang²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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This work describes the catalytic performances of attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate in comparison to conventional alumina-bound ZSM-5 extrudate in toluene methylation. The novel attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate is prepared by using natural clay attapulgite as binder which introduces mobile alkaline species and macropores to the extrudate. In contrast to alumina-bound extrudate, this novel extrudate shows significantly higher para-selectivity and stability. By using characterization techniques, including in-situ XRD, SEM, NH3 temperature programmed desorption (TPD), thermogravimetric analysis and n-hexane/cyclohexane physical adsorption, the catalytic performance improvement of attapulgite/ZSM-5 extrudate is correlated with the neutralization of Brønsted acid sites by mobile alkaline species during calcination and reaction process. Moreover, a higher paraselectivity was obtained over attapulgite-bound modified ZSM-5 extrudate. The strategy of extruding ZSM-5 catalysts with attapulgite as binder is facile and universal. Such method paves a new way for preparation of shaped toluene methylation catalyst with enhanced para-selectivity and stability.

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Section: In-situ Ion Exchange Modification Effect Of Attapulgitementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Facile Strategy to Prepare Shaped ZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced para-Xylene Selectivity and Stability for Toluene Methylation

Wang¹,

Chang²,

Liu³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Among the zeolites, the acidic ones such as zeolite X and Y [4][5][6][7], zeolite b [8,9], mordenite [10] and ZSM-5 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] are widely used catalysts for alkylation reaction. The deposition of an active catalyst can be conventionally done by coating the ceramic foam support by slurry of catalytic material containing a binder to ensure adhesion of the layer [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic modeling and study of H-ZSM-5 coated silicon carbide ceramic foam in toluene methylation to produce xylene

et al. 2017

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This work deals with the toluene alkylation reaction with methanol catalyzed by commercial H-ZSM-5 coated over SiC foam. The main product is xylene which is a well-known building block of many petrochemicals. The foam has been purchased and H-ZSM-5 was coated on it by dip-coating method. The coated foam was used as a catalyst block to study the reaction of toluene with methanol. The effect of variation of different reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, mole ratio of reactants, W/ F ratio, partial pressure, feed rate, number of ceramic block coated with catalyst was investigated. Effect of regeneration of the catalyst has also been studied. In addition, comparison of conversion with pellet and coated one was also studied to confirm the usefulness of ceramic foam as catalyst support to get the best conversion to xylene production.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“PRSV — An improved peng‐robinson equation of state with new mixing rules for strongly nonideal mixtures”

1989

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disproportionation and isomerization relative to the n-olefin case which together with the lower rate of aromatization is due to greater deactivation.It is well known that coke enhances the p-selectivity of ZSM-5 (Kaeding et al. 1981), p-alkylaromatics having a greater diffusivity than their 0-and m-counterparts, so by eliminating the surface acid sites, the product becomes increasingly p-selective. Thus it is likely that the m-+ pxylene product from 2-methylpropene is predominantly pxylene. Upon adsorption on a Bronsted acid site, the 2-methylpropene forms an isobutyl cation, the tertiary carbenium ion being more stable than the secondary one formed in n-olefin adsorption. van den Berg et al. (1983) have reported that isobutyl carbenium ions form readily on the weakly acidic external acid sites of ZSM-5 and lead to coke formation resulting in pore mouth blockage. The results in Table 2 support pore mouth blockage as the yield decreases more rapidly with time on stream for toluene and the xylenes than for benzene.It follows, then, that for successful upgrading of offgas streams to a BTX product, the amount of iso-olefins in the feed should be kept to a minimum, otherwise the higher coking rates will result in a concomitant loss in activity. Acknowledgements ERRATA

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Selective alkylation of toluene with methanol to produce para-Xylene

Cited by 536 publications

References 12 publications

A Facile Strategy to Prepare Shaped ZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced para-Xylene Selectivity and Stability for Toluene Methylation

A Facile Strategy to Prepare Shaped ZSM-5 Catalyst with Enhanced para-Xylene Selectivity and Stability for Toluene Methylation

Kinetic modeling and study of H-ZSM-5 coated silicon carbide ceramic foam in toluene methylation to produce xylene

“PRSV — An improved peng‐robinson equation of state with new mixing rules for strongly nonideal mixtures”

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