Selective Ability of Some CANTAB Battery Test Measures to Detect Cognitive Response to a Single Dose of Donepezil in Alzheimer Disease

Kuzmickienė, Jurgita; Kaubrys, Gintaras

doi:10.12659/msm.895381

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The utilization of PIFCs in medical diagnosis and the biological interpretation of the neural network involved would also benefit from research on Fechner illusory colors in AD [27]. The decline in blue opponent perception, if properly standardized, may be used as a cheap and noninvasive diagnostic marker in early diagnosis of AD as an addition to other cognitive, electrophysiologic, behavioral, and emotional regulation methods [28–31]. On the other hand, the pattern of decline in perception of Fechner illusory colors in people with AD can be helpful for further research in order to understand the nature of visual perception of color, and may have even broader implications for the fundamental mind-body relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Fechner Illusory Colors in Alzheimer Disease Patients

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) primarily affects cognition. A variety of visual disorders was established in AD. Fechner illusory colors are produced by a rotating disk with a black and white pattern. The purpose of our research was to explore the perception of illusory colors in AD.Material/MethodsW recruited 40 AD patients (MMSE ≥14) and 40 normal controls (CG group) matched by age, education, gender in this prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study. An achromatic Benham’s disk attached to a device to control the speed and direction of rotation was used to produce illusory colors. Primary, secondary, and tertiary RGB system colors were used for matching of illusory and physical colors.ResultsSubjects in the AD group perceived less illusory colors in 5 arcs (p<0.05) of the 8 arcs assessed. The biggest difference was found between AD and CG groups for pure blue (χ2=26.87, p<0.001 clockwise, χ2=22.75, p<0.001 counter-clockwise). Groups did not differ in perception of pure yellow opponent colors (p>0.05). Mixed colors of the blue-yellow axis were perceived less often in AD, but more frequently than pure blue (#0000FF). The sequence of colors on Benham’s disk followed a complex pattern, different from the order of physical spectral colors and opponent processes-based colors.ConclusionsAD patients retained reduced perception of illusory colors. The perception of pure blue illusory color is almost absent in AD. The asymmetrical shift to the yellow opponent is observed in AD with red prevailing over green constituent. This may indicate cortical rather than retinal impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Fechner Illusory Colors in Alzheimer Disease Patients

et al. 2016

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“…The outcome variables selected for each CANTAB test was based on their sensitivity to detect changes in ageing and AD (Egerhazi et al, ; Fowler et al, ; Nathan et al, ; Swainson et al, ) and the demonstrated sensitivity of the tests and outcome variables to pharmacological modulation (both acute and chronic treatment) in both healthy young and older subjects (Elliott et al, ; Yurko‐Mauro et al, ) as well as patients with AD (Kuzmickiene & Kaubrys, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of GSK2981710, a medium‐chain triglyceride, on cognitive function in healthy older participants: A randomised, placebo‐controlled study

O’Neill

Dodds

Miller

et al. 2019

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective: This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, two-part study assessed the impact of GSK2981710, a medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) that liberates ketone bodies, on cognitive function, safety, and tolerability in healthy older adults.Methods: Part 1 was a four-period dose-selection study (n = 8 complete). Part 2 was a two-period crossover study (n = 80 complete) assessing the acute (Day 1) and prolonged (Day 15) effects of GSK2981710 on cognition and memory-related neuronal activity. Safety and tolerability of MCT supplementation were monitored in both parts of the study.Results: The most common adverse event was diarrhoea (100% and 75% of participants in Parts 1 and 2, respectively). Most adverse events were mild to moderate, and 11% participants were withdrawn due to one or more adverse events. Although GSK2981710 (30 g/day) resulted in increased peak plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations, no significant improvements in cognitive function or memory-related neuronal activity were observed.Conclusion: Over a duration of 14 days, increasing plasma BHB levels with daily administration of GSK2981710 had no effects on neuronal activity or cognitive function. This result indicates that modulating plasma ketone levels with GSK2981710 may be ineffective in improving cognitive function in healthy older adults, or the lack of observed effect could be related to several factors including study population, plasma BHB concentrations, MCT composition, or treatment duration.

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“…Currently, the most used drugs to treat AD are the inhibitors of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase [61,62], as donepezil [62][63][64][65][66], which acts by increasing the availability of acetylcholine in the synaptic space of cholinergic neurons [62,67,68]. Another drug used is memantine, which is a pharmacological antagonist of glutamatergic receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) [62,69,70].…”

Section: Improving Mitochondrial Health As a Valid Therapy For Admentioning

confidence: 99%

New Targets for Diagnosis and Treatment Against Alzheimer’s Disease: The Mitochondrial Approach

Pérez¹,

Jara²,

Muñoz‐Urrutia³

et al. 2016

Update on Dementia

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. AD is characterized by brain presence of senile plaques, which are formed by aggregates of Aβ peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), formed by pathological forms of tau protein. Evidence suggests that these elements affect neurons compromising energy supply, antioxidant response and synaptic activity. AD principally affects the memory and cognitive functions of the patients, and currently, successful strategies for diagnosis and early treatment are lacking. In this scenario, accumulative evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes the establishment of tau and Aβ pathology and contributes to synaptic degeneration observed in AD. Therefore, reducing mitochondrial injury may have beneficial effects for neuronal dysfunction and cognitive decline observed in AD patients. Interestingly, the examination of peripheral cells from AD patients also presents mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that tracking these mitochondrial defects in peripheral cells could be a potential mechanism of early diagnosis of AD. In this chapter, we analyse current evidence that suggests that mitochondrial injury is an important factor in the pathogenesis of AD and how studying this process could reveal new strategies to mitigate neurodegeneration and to develop new diagnostic methods for an early detection of AD.

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Selective Ability of Some CANTAB Battery Test Measures to Detect Cognitive Response to a Single Dose of Donepezil in Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Perception of Fechner Illusory Colors in Alzheimer Disease Patients

Perception of Fechner Illusory Colors in Alzheimer Disease Patients

The effects of GSK2981710, a medium‐chain triglyceride, on cognitive function in healthy older participants: A randomised, placebo‐controlled study

New Targets for Diagnosis and Treatment Against Alzheimer’s Disease: The Mitochondrial Approach

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